High Prevalence of Human Enterovirus A Infections in Natural Circulation of Human Enteroviruses

Witsø, Elisabet; Palacios, Gustavo; Cinek, Ondřej; Stene, Lars C.; Grinde, Bjørn; Janowitz, Diana; Lipkin, W. Ian; Rønningen, Kjersti S.

doi:10.1128/jcm.00653-06

Cited by 100 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…vp1 staining in islets was found in~10% of non-diabetic controls of all ages. This is consistent with studies showing that 4-5% of normal children had enteroviral RNA in their serum [4,7,8] and 11.8% had enteroviral RNA present in faecal samples [34,35]. Since a range of enteroviruses can infect human islets in vitro [12,36,37] it is possible that the pancreas is frequently colonised during an enteroviral infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The prevalence of enteroviral capsid protein vp1 immunostaining in pancreatic islets in human type 1 diabetes

et al. 2009

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Aims/hypothesis Evidence that the beta cells of human patients with type 1 diabetes can be infected with enterovirus is accumulating, but it remains unclear whether such infections occur at high frequency and are important in the disease process. We have now assessed the prevalence of enteroviral capsid protein vp1 (vp1) staining in a large cohort of autopsy pancreases of recent-onset type 1 diabetic patients and a range of controls. Methods Serial sections of paraffin-embedded pancreatic autopsy samples from 72 recent-onset type 1 diabetes patients and up to 161 controls were immunostained for insulin, glucagon, vp1, double-stranded RNA activated protein kinase R (PKR) and MHC class I. Results vp1-immunopositive cells were detected in multiple islets of 44 out of 72 young recent-onset type 1 diabetic patients, compared with a total of only three islets in three out of 50 neonatal and paediatric normal controls. vp1 staining was restricted to insulin-containing beta cells. Among the control pancreases, vp1 immunopositivity was also observed in some islets from ten out of 25 type 2 diabetic patients. A strong correlation was established between islet cell vp1 positivity and PKR production in insulin-containing islets of both type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients, consistent with a persistent viral infection of the islets. Conclusions/interpretation Immunoreactive vp1 is commonly found in the islets of recent-onset type 1 diabetes patients, but only rarely in normal paediatric controls. vp1 immunostaining was also observed in some islets of type 2 diabetes patients, suggesting that the phenomenon is not restricted to type 1 diabetes patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The prevalence of enteroviral capsid protein vp1 immunostaining in pancreatic islets in human type 1 diabetes

et al. 2009

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“…The detected non-polio serotypes included the ones which have been frequent in previous studies from Finland, Norway and Spain, [14][15][16] indicating that certain CAV serotypes are predominating. However, no CBV4, CBV5 and CAV9 strains, the strongest candidates to be diabetogenic serotypes [17][18] were detected, even though neutralizing antibodies against these viruses were present in most of the mothers (Fig.…”

Section: ©2 0 1 1 L a N D E S B I O S C I E N C E D O N O T D I S Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterovirus infections in young infants: Are children still protected by maternal antibodies?

Salur¹,

Oikarinen²,

Tauriainen³

et al. 2011

Human Vaccines

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“…Asymptomatic enterovirus and parechovirus infection is highly prevalent in infants (Lu et al, 2002;Tauriainen et al, 2007;Witso et al, 2006), but both can cause severe disease, such as newborn sepsis and meningitis (Harvala et al, 2009;Pallansch & Roos, 2001). Up to around 25 % of all cases may be contributed by these viruses (Wolthers et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic features and evolutionary constraints in Saffold-like cardioviruses

Drexler

Baumgarte

Luna

et al. 2010

Journal of General Virology

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This study identified the complete genomic sequence of four type 2 and type 3 human Saffold-like cardioviruses (SLCVs) isolated in Germany and Brazil. The secondary structures of the SLCV internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) were deduced based on RNA base-pairing conservation and co-variation, using an established Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) IRES structure as a reference. The SLCV IRES was highly similar to that of TMEV, but motifs critical in TMEV for binding of the polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTB) were disrupted. In TMEV, corresponding alterations have been associated with reduced neurovirulence in mice. In the non-structural genome region, there was evidence of multiple intertypic recombination events between different SLCV types. Between viruses of the same type, recombination also occurred in the capsidencoding genome region. There were apparently no recombination events between mouse TMEV and human SLCV. In another genus of the family Picornaviridae, Enterovirus, natural recombination occurs strictly within species and can serve as an additional criterion for delimiting species. Accordingly, the results of this study suggest that SLCV and TMEV may represent distinct species within the genus Cardiovirus.

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High Prevalence of Human Enterovirus A Infections in Natural Circulation of Human Enteroviruses

Cited by 100 publications

References 37 publications

The prevalence of enteroviral capsid protein vp1 immunostaining in pancreatic islets in human type 1 diabetes

The prevalence of enteroviral capsid protein vp1 immunostaining in pancreatic islets in human type 1 diabetes

Enterovirus infections in young infants: Are children still protected by maternal antibodies?

Genomic features and evolutionary constraints in Saffold-like cardioviruses

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