High prevalence of HTLV-I infection in Mashhad, Northeast Iran: A population-based seroepidemiology survey

Rafatpanah, Houshang; Hedayati-Moghaddam, Mohammad Reza; Fathimoghadam, Farhad; Bidkhori, Hamid Reza; Shamsian, Seyed Khosro; Ahmadi, Sanaz; Sohgandi, Leila; Azarpazhooh, Mahmoud Reza; Rezaee, Seyed Abdolrahim; Farid, Reza; Bazarbachi, Ali

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2011.07.004

Cited by 124 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…After receiving formal informed consent, a standardized clinical checklist, including demographic information and the clinical current illness, were completed by a trained neurologist. HTLV-1 infection was determined using a HTLV-1 antibody serological test and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Tax and long terminal repeat regions as previously described [3]. The inclusion criteria were the presence of HTLV-1 antibodies and DNA in serum; confirmation of intrathecal anti-HTLV-1 antibody synthesis and/or the presence of HTLV-1 DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid; age of 18-55 years; and a diagnosis of HAM/TSP according to modified diagnostic guidelines for HAM/TSP (used since 1987) [28].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately 10-20 million people are infected with HTLV-1 worldwide [2]. Endemic areas include South America, Southwestern Japan, Central Africa, the Melanesian Islands, the Caribbean basin, and the Middle East [3][4][5]. In Iran, HTLV-1 is endemic at least in 2 provinces, including Khorasan Razavi and Northern Khorasan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Iran, HTLV-1 is endemic at least in 2 provinces, including Khorasan Razavi and Northern Khorasan. However, HTLV-1-associated disorders have been reported from other provinces such as Golestan, Alborz, and East Azarbayejan [3,[6][7][8]. About 2-5 % of infected people develop adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Triple Therapy with Prednisolone, Pegylated Interferon and Sodium Valproate Improves Clinical Outcome and Reduces Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Proviral Load, Tax and HBZ mRNA Expression in Patients with HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis

et al. 2015

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Considering that there is no effective treatment for human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, this study aimed to assess the impact of triple combination therapy-interferon-α, valproic acid, and prednisolone-on clinical outcomes, main HTLV-1 viral factors, and host anti-HTLV-1 antibody response. HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL), and HBZ and Tax mRNA expression levels were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 13 patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis before and after treatment with 180 μg pegylated interferon once a week, 10-20 mg/kg/day sodium valproate, and 5 mg/day prednisolone for 25 weeks using a TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Furthermore, anti-HTLV-1 titer, Osame Motor Disability Score, Ashworth spasticity scale, and urinary symptoms (through standard questionnaire and clinical monitoring) were assessed in patients before and after the treatment. HTLV-1 PVL and HBZ expression significantly decreased after the treatment [PVL from 1443±282 to 660±137 copies/10 4 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (p= 0.01); and HBZ from 8.0±1.5 to 3.0±0.66 (p<0.01)]. Tax mRNA expression decreased after the treatment from 2.26± 0.45 to 1.44±0.64, but this reduction was not statistically significant (p=0.10). Furthermore, anti-HTLV-1 titer reduced dramatically after the treatment, from 3123±395 to 815±239 (p<0.01). Clinical signs and symptoms, according to Osame Motor Disability Score and Ashworth score, improved significantly (both p<0.01). Urinary symptoms and sensory disturbances with lower back pain were reduced, though not to a statistically significant degree. Although signs and symptoms of spasticity were improved, frequent urination and urinary incontinence were not significantly affected by the triple therapy. The results provide new insight into the complicated conditions underlying HTLV-1-associated diseases.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Triple Therapy with Prednisolone, Pegylated Interferon and Sodium Valproate Improves Clinical Outcome and Reduces Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Proviral Load, Tax and HBZ mRNA Expression in Patients with HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis

et al. 2015

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“…The prevalence of HTLV-1 infection for the general population in certain areas of Iran such as Mashhad and Sabzevar is estimated to be 2.12 % and 1.6%, respectively and in Neyshabour this is 7.2% for the referred population (4)(5)(6)(7). Approximately 5% of the estimated 20 million HTLV-1-infected individuals are at risk of eventually developing HTLV-1-associated diseases (8) such as adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia (ATL or ATLL ), a fatal disease with Median Survival Time (MST) of less than 1 year (9) and chronic progressive disorder, HTLV-I Associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of a Reporter Vector for HTLV-1 Infectivity Using MT2, a HTLV-1 Producer Cell Line

Abdizadeh

Makvandi

Samarbafzadeh

et al. 2013

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: HTLV-1 (Human T_cell lymphotropic virus type 1), with about 20 million individuals infected worldwide, is a global health problem that is endemic in certain areas such as Japan and Khorasan province of Iran.HTLV-1 is the causative agent of progressive diseases, Adult T cell Leukemia (ATL), and HTLV-I Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP), which do not yet have approved effective treatment. Due to the non-cytolytic characteristic of this virus and cell associated properties, there is no routine Procedure for drug study in vitro and it's confined to some HTLV infected cell lines. Therefore construction of a reporter vector is necessary to evaluate HTLV-1 infectivity in cell culture for drug studies, since designed reporters for retroviruses are usually based on long terminal repeat (LTR) transactivation. LTR region of HTLV-1 contains a virus promoter that plays the most important role in replication and transcription by the Tax transactivation effect. Objectives: In this project we attempted to construct a reporter vector containing the luciferase gene coupled to the HTLV-1 promoter for evaluation of HTLV-1 infectivity. Material and Methods: LTR region was digested from pUCLTR-Lac by HindIII and sub-cloned into the Multiple cloning site (MCS) region of a promoter-less reporter vector, pGL4.17, upstream to the luciferase gene. Colonies were screened by Colony PCR, then selected colonies were confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing. Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cell line was transfected by a recombinant vector and inducible expression of luciferase was evaluated. Results: Recombinant vector, pGL4LTR-Luc, has expression levels of more than 50 folds compared to the control when co-transfected with the Tax expressing vector into HEK 293T cells. Moreover, cells display more than 30 folds of luciferase expression over 2 days when cocultured with MT2 cell, a HTLV-1 producer cell line. Conclusions: According to the high functionality of the produced recombinant vector, it seems a good applicable tool for making an indicator cell line in subsequent basic and drug studies.

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“…We have previously reported that HTLV-I is endemic in north-east of Iran, particularly in the cities of Mashhad, Sabzevar, and Neishbour. The prevalence of HTLV-I infection in Mashhad, Neishbour, and Sabzevar is 2.1%, 3%, and 1.6%, respectively (7)(8)(9). However, the virus is less frequent in other parts of Iran including Urmia (0.34%) in northwest and Chaharmahal-Bakhtiari (0.62%) in south-west of Iran (10,11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of HTLV-I Infection in Patients with Thalassemia Major in Mazandaran, North of Iran

Ghaffari

Kowsarian

Mahdavi

et al. 2012

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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High prevalence of HTLV-I infection in Mashhad, Northeast Iran: A population-based seroepidemiology survey

Cited by 124 publications

References 29 publications

Triple Therapy with Prednisolone, Pegylated Interferon and Sodium Valproate Improves Clinical Outcome and Reduces Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Proviral Load, Tax and HBZ mRNA Expression in Patients with HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis

Triple Therapy with Prednisolone, Pegylated Interferon and Sodium Valproate Improves Clinical Outcome and Reduces Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Proviral Load, Tax and HBZ mRNA Expression in Patients with HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis

Examination of a Reporter Vector for HTLV-1 Infectivity Using MT2, a HTLV-1 Producer Cell Line

Prevalence of HTLV-I Infection in Patients with Thalassemia Major in Mazandaran, North of Iran

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