High Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Female Anogenital Herpes Simplex in Newcastle upon Tyne 1983–92

Tayal, S C; Pattman, R S

doi:10.1177/095646249400500514

Cited by 52 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Seroprevalence studies in the United States as well as in the United Kingdom have shown major increases in prevalences compared to those of 10 to 20 years ago (2,8). This makes genital HSV infection the leading cause of viral sexually transmitted disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HSV-1 is increasingly recognized as a cause of genital infection, especially in female patients. In the United Kingdom, the annual incidence of HSV-1 genital infection nearly tripled over a 7-period with an incidence of 79% found in one study (8). Most patients with genital herpes infection do not have symptoms and thus are not aware that they can infect their sex partners.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Chemicon SimulFluor Direct Fluorescent Antibody Staining with Cell Culture and Shell Vial Direct Immunoperoxidase Staining for Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus and with Cytospin Direct Immunofluorescence Staining for Detection of Varicella-Zoster Virus

Chan

Brandt

Horsman

2001

Clin Diagn Lab Immunol

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A new rapid direct immunofluorescence assay, the SimulFluor direct fluorescent-antibody (DFA) assay, which can simultaneously detect herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and -2) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV), was evaluated in comparison with our current standard procedures of (i) shell vial direct immunoperoxidase (shell vial IP) staining and cell culture for detection of HSV and (ii) cytospin DFA staining for VZV detection. A total of 517 vesicular, oral, genital, and skin lesion specimens were tested by all three procedures. For HSV detection, the SimulFluor DFA assay had an overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 80.0, 98.3, 92.3, and 95.1%, respectively, when compared to culture. Shell vial IP staining had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 87.6, 100, 100, and 96.9%, respectively, when compared with cell culture. The SimulFluor DFA assay, however, offers same-day, 1.5-hours results versus a 1-to 2-day wait for shell vial IP staining results and a 1-to 6-day wait for culture results for HSV. For VZV detection SimulFluor DFA staining detected 27 positive specimens as compared to 31 by our standard cytospin DFA technique-a correlation of 87.1%. A positive SimulFluor reaction for VZV is indicated by yellow-gold fluorescence compared to the bright apple-green fluorescence observed by cytospin DFA staining. There is no difference in turnaround time between the two assays. The SimulFluor DFA assay is a rapid immunofluorescence assay that can detect 80% of the HSV-positive specimens and 87% of the VZV-positive specimens with a 1.5-h turnaround time.Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) cause skin lesions in adults and children and may cause severe systemic disease in immunosuppressed hosts and neonates. HSV types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and -2) can cause vesicular and ulcerative lesions on the genital area as well as oropharyngeal infection. Genital herpes infection is a public health concern, as the infection can be transmitted between sexual partners. Seroprevalence studies of herpes type-specific antibodies have shown an increase of over 30% in the prevalence of HSV-2 infections over the past two decades, with a nationwide incidence of more than 20% of those infected who are 12 years of age and older having detectable antibody to HSV-2 (2). HSV-1 is increasingly recognized as a cause of genital infection, especially in female patients. In the United Kingdom, the annual incidence of HSV-1 genital infection nearly tripled over a 7-period with an incidence of 79% found in one study (8). Most patients with genital herpes infection do not have symptoms and thus are not aware that they can infect their sex partners. Another concern with genital herpes is neonatal herpes. Pregnant women who acquire primary genital herpes shortly before labor are the ones most likely to infect the newborn (1).Herpes zoster virus is a common childhood disease and is also a serious infection in the elderly and imm...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Chemicon SimulFluor Direct Fluorescent Antibody Staining with Cell Culture and Shell Vial Direct Immunoperoxidase Staining for Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus and with Cytospin Direct Immunofluorescence Staining for Detection of Varicella-Zoster Virus

Chan

Brandt

Horsman

2001

Clin Diagn Lab Immunol

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“…Since a larger-than-normal proportion of genital herpes infections have recently been attributed to HSV-1 (12,23), these infections have increasing implications for childbirth outcomes. It has been noted that HSV-2 seroprevalence studies likely underestimate the prevalence of genital herpes by about 15% due to genital herpes infections caused by HSV-1 (12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other adult populations in some European countries and in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, HSV-1 antibody prevalence was greater than 85% (15). While most genital herpes infections are caused by HSV-2, there has been a trend toward increasing proportions of genital herpes attributable to HSV-1 infection (13,23), likely as a result of increased oral-genital sexual contact (12) and delay in HSV-1 infection acquisition.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Distribution of Antibodies to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 in Men and Women in Ontario, Canada

Howard¹,

Sellors

Jang

et al. 2003

J Clin Microbiol

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This study estimated the regional and age-and gender-specific seroprevalences of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 in Ontario, Canada. Stored serum specimens from subjects aged 15 to 44 years, including men (n ‫؍‬ 979), women not under prenatal care (n ‫؍‬ 638), and women under prenatal care (n ‫؍‬ 701) submitted for routine viral serology were randomly selected according to regional population size from public health laboratories. HSV-1 and HSV-2 testing was done with the MRL enzyme immunoassay (

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“…Between 1978 and 1991 the proportion of HSV-1 associated genital herpes increased in Scotland, 5 6 and the percentage of HSV-1 in female anogenital infection has increased in England since 1986. 7 In Norway, HSV-1 has overtaken HSV-2 as the major cause of genital infection in females and the young, 8 and a Swedish study has shown the regular occurrence of both virus types in ''below the neck'' infections. 9 In the United States, increasing proportions of genital HSV-1 affecting mainly females 10 and college students 11 have been reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing epidemiology of genital herpes simplex virus infection in Melbourne, Australia, between 1980 and 2003

Tran¹

2004

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Objective: To investigate changes in the proportions of patients infected with genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 from 1980 to 2003 in Melbourne, Australia. Methods: A total of 25 372 patients were studied retrospectively. The proportions of HSV-1 and HSV-2 detected in these individuals were analysed by age, sex, and genital site. Results: In 1980 only 15.8% of HSV positive genital specimens were HSV-1 compared to 34.9% in 2003. In 2003 HSV-1 was detected in 77% of patients aged less than 20 years. Females were more likely to be infected with HSV-1, although the rate of increased detection was more pronounced in males. Except for females over the age of 40, the trend for the increase in HSV-1 was detected in all age groups. No specific genital site in either sex was associated with the increase. Conclusions: The proportion of genital HSV-1 has increased in Australian patients, although HSV-2 is still the most common cause of genital infection. Confirmation of HSV type is necessary for optimal patient management.

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High Prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Female Anogenital Herpes Simplex in Newcastle upon Tyne 1983–92

Cited by 52 publications

References 6 publications

Comparison of Chemicon SimulFluor Direct Fluorescent Antibody Staining with Cell Culture and Shell Vial Direct Immunoperoxidase Staining for Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus and with Cytospin Direct Immunofluorescence Staining for Detection of Varicella-Zoster Virus

Comparison of Chemicon SimulFluor Direct Fluorescent Antibody Staining with Cell Culture and Shell Vial Direct Immunoperoxidase Staining for Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus and with Cytospin Direct Immunofluorescence Staining for Detection of Varicella-Zoster Virus

Regional Distribution of Antibodies to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2 in Men and Women in Ontario, Canada

Changing epidemiology of genital herpes simplex virus infection in Melbourne, Australia, between 1980 and 2003

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