High prevalence of G3 rotavirus in hospitalized children in Rawalpindi, Pakistan during 2014

Umair, Massab; Abbasi, Bilal Haider; Sharif, Salman; Alam, Muhammad Masroor; Rana, Muhammad Suleman; Mujtaba, Ghulam; Arshad, Yasir; Fatmi, M. Qaiser; Zaidi, Syed Sohail Zahoor

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195947

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In Argentina, RVA positivity decreased from 26.8% to 13.6% comparing the pre- and post-vaccination periods [ 37 ]. Other studies performed elsewhere have described RVA detection rates varying from 8.4% to 23.2% [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus A in Brazil: Molecular Epidemiology and Surveillance during 2018–2019

et al. 2020

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Rotavirus A (RVA) vaccines succeeded in lowering the burden of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide, especially preventing severe disease and mortality. In 2019, Brazil completed 13 years of RVA vaccine implementation (Rotarix™) within the National Immunization Program (NIP), and as reported elsewhere, the use of Rotarix™ in the country has reduced childhood mortality and morbidity due to AGE. Even though both marketed vaccines are widely distributed, the surveillance of RVA causing AGE and the monitoring of circulating genotypes are important tools to keep tracking the epidemiological scenario and vaccines impact. Thus, our study investigated RVA epidemiological features, viral load and G and P genotypes circulation in children and adults presenting AGE symptoms in eleven states from three out of five regions in Brazil. By using TaqMan®-based one-step RT-qPCR, we investigated a total of 1536 stool samples collected from symptomatic inpatients, emergency department visits and outpatients from January 2018 to December 2019. G and P genotypes of RVA-positive samples were genetically characterized by multiplex RT-PCR or by nearly complete fragment sequencing. We detected RVA in 12% of samples, 10.5% in 2018 and 13.7% in 2019. A marked winter/spring seasonality was observed, especially in Southern Brazil. The most affected age group was children aged >24–60 months, with a positivity rate of 18.8% (p < 0.05). Evaluating shedding, we found a statistically lower RVA viral load in stool samples collected from children aged up to six months compared to the other age groups (p < 0.05). The genotype G3P[8] was the most prevalent during the two years (83.7% in 2018 and 65.5% in 2019), and nucleotide sequencing of some strains demonstrated that they belonged to the emergent equine-like G3P[8] genotype. The dominance of an emergent genotype causing AGE reinforces the need for continuous epidemiological surveillance to assess the impact of mass RVA immunization as well as to monitor the emergence of novel genotypes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus A in Brazil: Molecular Epidemiology and Surveillance during 2018–2019

et al. 2020

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“…Several recent studies have reported the increased proportion of G3P [8] strains, e.g., in Australia [14], Japan [32], Thailand [28], Indonesia [29], Pakistan [33], Dominican Republic [25], Brazil [34], Spain [20], Mozambique [24], Malawi [35] and Botswana [36]. The global G3 sequences available from GenBank showed extensive genetic diversity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Introductions and Predominance of Rotavirus Group A Genotype G3P[8] in Kilifi, Coastal Kenya, 4 Years after Nationwide Vaccine Introduction

et al. 2020

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Globally, rotavirus group A (RVA) remains a major cause of severe childhood diarrhea, despite the use of vaccines in more than 100 countries. RVA sequencing for local outbreaks facilitates investigation into strain composition, origins, spread, and vaccine failure. In 2018, we collected 248 stool samples from children aged less than 13 years admitted with diarrheal illness to Kilifi County Hospital, coastal Kenya. Antigen screening detected RVA in 55 samples (22.2%). Of these, VP7 (G) and VP4 (P) segments were successfully sequenced in 48 (87.3%) and phylogenetic analysis based on the VP7 sequences identified seven genetic clusters with six different GP combinations: G3P[8], G1P[8], G2P[4], G2P[8], G9P[8] and G12P[8]. The G3P[8] strains predominated the season (n = 37, 67.2%) and comprised three distinct G3 genetic clusters that fell within Lineage I and IX (the latter also known as equine-like G3 Lineage). Both the two G3 lineages have been recently detected in several countries. Our study is the first to document African children infected with G3 Lineage IX. These data highlight the global nature of RVA transmission and the importance of increasing global rotavirus vaccine coverage.

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“…Residues of our G3P[9] differed most from the vaccine, particularly on the 7-1b antigenic epitope. Interestingly, the K238N substitution, which is also present in various G3 strains from Argentina, Belgium, Pakistan, and Lebanon [ 16 , 17 , 61 – 63 ], can potentially introduce an N-linked glycosylation in the 7-1b epitope and reduce antibody neutralization [ 64 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RVA of genotype G3 is one of the frequently detected strains worldwide [ 16 – 18 ]. The broad host range for G3 including feline, canine, equine, porcine, lapine, bovine, rats, rhesus, and bats has resulted in the occasional detection of animal-like RVA infection in patients with diarrhea [ 14 , 19 – 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse human and bat-like rotavirus G3 strains circulating in suburban Bangkok

2022

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Although rotavirus vaccines are available in many parts of the world and are effective in reducing the overall incidence of rotavirus infection, it remains a major cause of diarrhea in less-developed countries. Among various rotavirus group A (RVA) strains, the increasingly common genotype G3 (defined by the VP7 gene) has been identified in both humans and animals. Our previous epidemiological surveillance in Bangkok found several unusual non-vaccine-like G3 strains in patients with diarrhea. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the genomes of seven of these G3 strains, which formed combinations with genotypes P[4], P[6], P[9], and P[10] (defined by the VP4 gene). Interestingly, we identified a bat-like RVA strain with the genome constellation G3-P[10]-I3-R3-C3-M3-A9-N3-T3-E3-H6, which has not been previously reported in the literature. The amino acid residues deduced from the nucleotide sequences of our G3 strains differed at the antigenic epitopes to those of the VP7 capsid protein of the G3 strain in RotaTeq vaccine. Although it is not unusual for the segmented genomes of RVA to reassort and give rise to emerging novel strains, the atypical G3 strains identified in this study suggest possible animal-to-human RVA zoonotic spillover even in urban areas.

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High prevalence of G3 rotavirus in hospitalized children in Rawalpindi, Pakistan during 2014

Cited by 12 publications

References 54 publications

Rotavirus A in Brazil: Molecular Epidemiology and Surveillance during 2018–2019

Rotavirus A in Brazil: Molecular Epidemiology and Surveillance during 2018–2019

Multiple Introductions and Predominance of Rotavirus Group A Genotype G3P[8] in Kilifi, Coastal Kenya, 4 Years after Nationwide Vaccine Introduction

Diverse human and bat-like rotavirus G3 strains circulating in suburban Bangkok

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