High Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase, Plasmid-Mediated AmpC, and Carbapenemase Genes in Pet Food

Seiffert, Salome Nadja; Carattoli, Alessandra; Tinguely, Regula; Lupo, Agnese; Perreten, Vincent; Endimiani, Andrea

doi:10.1128/aac.03185-14

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Previous studies have largely focused on the status of pathogens (e.g., Salmonella , Listeria monocytogenes , and pathogenic E. coli ) in livestock feed and pet food [ 24 ]. Pet food has been suggested as an important route of human exposure to AMR genes such as ESBL [ 38 ]. However, there has not been any survey of resistant bacteria other than Salmonella in dry pet food [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Indicator Organisms Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. Isolated from U.S. Animal Food, 2005–2011

Domesle

Gaines

et al. 2020

Microorganisms

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The role animal food plays in the introduction of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria into the human food chain is not well understood. We conducted an analysis of 1025 samples (647 pet food and 378 animal feed) collected across the United States during 2005–2011 for two indicator organisms (Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp.). The overall prevalence ranged from 12.5% for E. coli to 45.2% for Enterococcus spp., and 11.2% of samples harbored both organisms. Regardless of bacterial genus, animal feed had significantly higher prevalence than pet food (p < 0.001). A general downward trend in prevalence was observed from 2005 to 2009 followed by an upward trend thereafter. Among E. coli isolates (n = 241), resistance was highest to tetracycline (11.2%) and below 5% for fourteen other antimicrobials. Among Enterococcus spp. isolates (n = 1074), Enterococcus faecium (95.1%) was the predominant species. Resistance was most common to tetracycline (30.1%) and ciprofloxacin (10.7%), but below 10% for thirteen other antimicrobials. Multidrug-resistant organisms were observed among both E. coli and Enterococcus spp. isolates at 3.3%. Compared to National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) 2011 retail meat and animal data, the overall resistance for both organisms was much lower in animal food. These findings help establish a historic baseline for the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance among U.S. animal food products and future efforts may be needed to monitor changes over time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Indicator Organisms Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. Isolated from U.S. Animal Food, 2005–2011

Domesle

Gaines

et al. 2020

Microorganisms

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“…E. coli O25:H4-ST131 is often recovered from clinical human specimens, and this lineage is sometimes isolated from companion animals 204) , suggesting its probable transmission from human to pets or vice-versa. Companion animals would receive ESBL producers through their foods 205) as well as from their owner, and could keep the microbes in their intestine for a long period as a reservoir 206,207) . Thus, carriage of antimicrobial-resistant microbes in companion animals should be carefully monitored especially in those living with elderly people 208) .…”

Section: Swedenmentioning

confidence: 99%

ESBL-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Its Rapid Rise among Healthy People

et al. 2017

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Since around the 2000s, Escherichia coli (E. coli) resistant to both oxyimino-cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones has remarkably increased worldwide in clinical settings. The kind of E. coli is also identified in patients suffering from communityonset infectious diseases such as urinary tract infections. Moreover, recoveries of multi-drug resistant E. coli from the feces of healthy people have been increasingly documented in recent years, although the actual state remains uncertain. These E. coli isolates usually produce extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), as well as acquisition of amino acid substitutions in the quinolone-resistance determining regions (QRDRs) of GyrA and/or ParC, together with plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants such as Qnr, AAC(6')-Ib-cr, and QepA. The actual state of ESBL-producing E. coli in hospitalized patients has been carefully investigated in many countries, while that in healthy people still remains uncertain, although high fecal carriage rates of ESBL producers in healthy people have been reported especially in Asian and South American countries. The issues regarding the ESBL producers have become very complicated and chaotic due to rapid increase of both ESBL variants and plasmids mediating ESBL genes, together with the emergence of various "epidemic strains" or "international clones" of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring transferable-plasmids carrying multiple antimicrobial resistance genes. Thus, the current state of ESBL producers outside hospital settings was overviewed together with the relation among those recovered from livestock, foods, pets, environments and wildlife from the viewpoint of molecular epidemiology. This mini review may contribute to better understanding about ESBL producers among people who are not familiar with the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatening rising globally.

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“…The 3GCR‐ E coli isolated at admission were diverse, including pAmpC (CMY‐42, CMY‐2‐like) and ESBL (CTX‐M‐1/‐3/‐15, CTX‐M‐9/‐14, and CTX‐M‐1) genotypes. These genotypes are found in up to 10% of the Swiss human population 44 and also have been isolated from urban birds (CTX‐M‐1, CTX‐M‐15), 45 chicken meat (CMY‐2, CTX‐M‐1), 46 and pet food (CTX‐M‐1, CTX‐M‐3, and CTX‐M‐15) 47 . A large percentage of 3GCR‐ E coli isolates displayed additional resistance to other classes of antimicrobials; notably, two‐thirds of the isolates were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐S), 53.3% to tetracyclines and 26.7% to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, or both.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquisition and carriage of multidrug‐resistant organisms in dogs and cats presented to small animal practices and clinics in Switzerland

Dazio

Nigg

Schmidt

et al. 2021

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) present a threat to human and animal health. Objectives: To assess acquisition, prevalence of and risk factors for MDRO carriage in dogs and cats presented to veterinary clinics or practices in Switzerland. Animals: Privately owned dogs (n = 183) and cats (n = 88) presented to 4 veterinary hospitals and 1 practice. Methods: Prospective, longitudinal, observational study. Oronasal and rectal swabs were collected at presentation and 69% of animals were sampled again at discharge. Methicillin-resistant (MR) staphylococci and macrococci, cephalosporinase-, and carbapenemase-producing (CP) Enterobacterales were isolated. Genetic relatedness of isolates was assessed by repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction and multilocus sequence typing. Risk factors for MDRO acquisition and carriage were analyzed based on questionnaire-derived and hospitalization data. Results: Admission prevalence of MDRO carriage in pets was 15.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.4-20.4). The discharge prevalence and acquisition rates were 32.1% (95% CI, 25.5-39.3) and 28.3% (95% CI, 22-35.4), respectively. Predominant hospitalacquired isolates were extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-E coli; 17.3%) and β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.7%). At 1 institution, a cluster of 24 highly genetically related CP (bla oxa181 and bla oxa48) was identified.

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High Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase, Plasmid-Mediated AmpC, and Carbapenemase Genes in Pet Food

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Indicator Organisms Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. Isolated from U.S. Animal Food, 2005–2011

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Indicator Organisms Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. Isolated from U.S. Animal Food, 2005–2011

ESBL-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> and Its Rapid Rise among Healthy People

Acquisition and carriage of multidrug‐resistant organisms in dogs and cats presented to small animal practices and clinics in Switzerland

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