High Prevalence of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 from Cattle in Selected Regions of Japan

Ezawa, Ayako; Gocho, Fumie; Kawata, Keiichiro; Takahashi, Toshitake; Kikuchi, Naoya

doi:10.1292/jvms.66.585

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…However, under the assumption that the STEC and p-O157 potential pathogenic classes adopted in this study can be taken as a whole-sample proxy for the presence of STEC and O157 strains, the prevalence ranges here reported are consistent with the wide range of STEC prevalence (0.17 to 40%) observed in fecal samples from adult dairy cows in the United States (8,30,33,40,(61)(62)(63). These figures are also consistent with the range of STEC prevalence in dairy cattle observed in other countries (13,30,39,64). Also, E. coli strain O157:H7 has been frequently isolated in dairy herds in the United States (34)(35)(36)58) and in other countries (14,39,65).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…These figures are also consistent with the range of STEC prevalence in dairy cattle observed in other countries (13,30,39,64). Also, E. coli strain O157:H7 has been frequently isolated in dairy herds in the United States (34)(35)(36)58) and in other countries (14,39,65). It is known that young cattle harbor STEC at significant prevalence, often higher than that in adult cows (13,60,63,(65)(66)(67).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Dairy heifers, cows, and calves have been found positive for E. coli O157 and other pathogenic E. coli serotypes across the world, including in the United States (8,(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38) and South America, Europe, Oceania, and Japan (30,(39)(40)(41). Postweaned calves (between 2 and 4 months of age) appear to be more frequently colonized by O157, with prevalence declining thereafter (42)(43)(44).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of Escherichia coli Virulence Factors in Dairy Herds and Farm Environments in a Longitudinal Study in the United States

Lambertini

Karns

Kessel

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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g Pathogenic Escherichia coli or its associated virulence factors have been frequently detected in dairy cow manure, milk, and dairy farm environments. However, it is unclear what the long-term dynamics of E. coli virulence factors are and which farm compartments act as reservoirs. This study assessed the occurrence and dynamics of four E. coli virulence factors (eae, stx 1 , stx 2 , and the gamma allele of the tir gene [␥-tir]) on three U.S. dairy farms. Fecal, manure, water, feed, milk, and milk filter samples were collected from 2004 to 2012. Virulence factors were measured by postenrichment quantitative PCR (qPCR). All factors were detected in most compartments on all farms. Fecal and manure samples showed the highest prevalence, up to 53% for stx and 21% for ␥-tir in fecal samples and up to 84% for stx and 44% for ␥-tir in manure. Prevalence was low in milk (up to 1.9% for stx and 0.7% for ␥-tir). However, 35% of milk filters were positive for stx and 20% were positive for ␥-tir. All factors were detected in feed and water. Factor prevalence and levels, expressed as qPCR cycle threshold categories, fluctuated significantly over time, with no clear seasonal signal independent from year-to-year variability. Levels were correlated between fecal and manure samples, and in some cases autocorrelated, but not between manure and milk filters. Shiga toxins were nearly ubiquitous, and 10 to 18% of the lactating cows were potential shedders of E. coli O157 at least once during their time in the herds. E. coli virulence factors appear to persist in many areas of the farms and therefore contribute to transmission dynamics. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolates of several pathovars of public health importance, such as enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Shiga-toxigenic E. coli (STEC), and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), have been observed in dairy herds (1-3) as well as in milk (4-10) and other dairy products (4-8, 11, 12). Beef cattle are also known to harbor pathogenic E. coli (13-16). Dairy animals also enter the meat production chain, contributing to meatborne infections (17). Infection by these classes of pathogenic E. coli can have serious health impacts in humans (8). The cost of human health losses in the United States due to E. coli O157 alone was estimated to amount to $405 million per year (18). Numerous E. coli outbreaks have been linked to the consumption of milk and dairy products (19)(20)(21)(22) and to direct contact with dairy farm animals and environments (23, 24). Milk contamination is usually due to fecal contamination. Intestinal colonization by STEC serogroups such as E. coli O157 is usually subclinical in cows and calves and therefore is often undetected. STEC and EHEC have almost never been associated with nonenteric infections in cows, such as mastitis, although other classes of pathogenic E. coli have been known to cause mastitis (25).A virulence factor is a phenotypic trait, usually a large molecule or complex, which determines the ability of E. coli and other bacterial pathogens to infect a h...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamics of Escherichia coli Virulence Factors in Dairy Herds and Farm Environments in a Longitudinal Study in the United States

Lambertini

Karns

Kessel

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Hancock et al (22) believe that heifers carried a significant amount of EHEC O157:H7 (CFU/g), compared to other categories of cattle. Ezawa et al (34) outlined that the overall prevalence of EHEC O157:H7 among cattle in Japan (5-10%), but that heifers exhibited higher rates (32-46%). In Italy, a prevalence of 16% among cows was reported (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia Coli (Ehec) Among Dairy Farms in the North Part of the Republic of Bulgaria

Urumova

Lyutzkanov

Petrov

2015

Macedonian Veterinary Review

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, a total of 1094 faecal swab samples were collected from cattle at different age at 4 farms in North Bulgaria: Okorsh, Slavyanovo (Popovo municipality), Dobri dol and Trem. Out of them, 36 coli strains (3.3%) positive in the E. coli O:157 antiserum agglutination test and identified by the BBL CRYSTAL identification system as belonging to the E. coli O:157 serotype were isolated. The distribution of isolates was as followed: 5 (0.5%) E. coli O:157 strains at the Okorsh dairy cattle farm, 7 (0.6%) E. coli isolates at the Slavyanovo dairy farm, 16 (1.5%) isolates at the Dobri dol farm and 8 (0.7%) isolates at the Trem farm. Colibacteria exhibited 100% sensitivity to oxyimino-cephalosporins, gentamicin and enrofloxacin, and were resistant to ampicillin (19.4%) and tetracycline (41.6%). From the 15 strains resistant to tetracycline, 11 were isolated from the cows at Dobri dol, while the other 4 originated from the other three farms. The 7 ampicillin-resistant E. coli isolates were detected only at the Dobri dol cattle farm.

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“…Furthermore, there is little information from long-term studies on the prevalence of EHEC O157 on farms. We previously reported that a remarkably high isolation rate was found on a farm that raised heifers [8].…”

Section: Shiga Toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia Coli (Stec) Ismentioning

confidence: 98%

A Three-Year Study of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 on a Farm in Japan

Ezawa

Gocho

Saitoh

et al. 2004

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. A long-term study was performed on the prevalence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 in bovine faeces. The present study was conducted on heifers raised on a farm showing a high isolation rate of EHEC O157 in previous years. The p revalence of EHEC O157 isolated from faecal samples was 10.6% (222/2104), 5.6% (181/3225), and 5.6% (153/2744) from 1998 to 2000, respectively. The numbers of EHEC O157-positive heifers for the same 3 years were 46.3% (185/400), 36.8% (147/399), and 31.7% (130/410), respectively. The seasonal prevalence of EHEC O157 varied according to the year. Most positive heifers excreted the EHEC O157 only once during the survey, though it was excreted 2 or 3 times by some heifers. The results obtained in the present study showed that the farm examined was heavily contaminated with EHEC O157. It is assumed that EHEC O157 does not remain in individual catt le long-term, but does exist long-term on farms due to repeated infection.

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High Prevalence of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 from Cattle in Selected Regions of Japan

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

Dynamics of Escherichia coli Virulence Factors in Dairy Herds and Farm Environments in a Longitudinal Study in the United States

Dynamics of Escherichia coli Virulence Factors in Dairy Herds and Farm Environments in a Longitudinal Study in the United States

Investigations on Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia Coli (Ehec) Among Dairy Farms in the North Part of the Republic of Bulgaria

A Three-Year Study of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 on a Farm in Japan

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