High prevalence of dental fluorosis among schoolchildren in three villages in Vavuniya District: an observational study

Rajapakse, P. Sunethra; Jayawardhane, W M; Lokubandara, A; Gamage, R; Dasanayake, Ananda P.; Goonaratna, Colvin

doi:10.4038/cmj.v62i4.8570

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It is associated with the incorporation of fluoride during the process of tooth formation and maturation (2). Its presence is bilateral and symmetrical on the enamel (3), depending on the period of dental development in which contact occurred (4). It appears with lines in the form of horizontal striations, without a defined pattern (5), ranging from an opaque white (6) to the total loss of the enamel (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with dental fluorosis in three zones of Ecuador

Vega¹,

González-Martínez²,

Rivera-Martínez³

et al. 2019

J Clin Exp Dent

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Background: To determine the prevalence of dental fluorosis in 10-12 year-old school children, in three provinces of the inter-andean Region of Ecuador: Imbabura, Pichincha and Chimborazo, as well as the relationship between certain factors, considering that the latest studies go back to the year 2009. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional and observational study was proposed. A sample of 599 was calculated at 95% of confidence considering population projections for children between 10 and 12 old of three zones of Ecuador. However, 608 school children, who had the acceptance and informed consent of their parents to participate, completed a survey about factors associated with dental fluorosis. Once the survey was completed, the vestibular surfaces of the upper and lower anterior teeth of the infant were photographed, following standardized distance and light procedures. Three evaluators, trained in the detection of fluorosis using the Thylstrup and Fejerskov index, analyzed the photographs. The Stata 13.0 software was used for the statistical analysis, with a level of significance of 5% and with a confidence interval of 95%. To relate the risk factor of fluorosis, a multinomial logistic model was used. Results: The prevalence of dental fluorosis was of 89.96%, with a greater presence of grade 2 TF. A positive statistical relationship and statistical significance was detected between dental fluorosis and consumption of bottled beverages. Also the amount of toothpaste used and its ingestion during brushing (p = 0.000) were analyzed. Conclusions: The populations evaluated, that are related to the consumption of bottled beverages and involuntary toothpaste ingestion, and have a high prevalence of a mild level of fluorosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with dental fluorosis in three zones of Ecuador

Vega¹,

González-Martínez²,

Rivera-Martínez³

et al. 2019

J Clin Exp Dent

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“…The results of this study, and a previous study point to the prevalence of significant endemic fluorosis toxicity in residents of Vavuniya District, emphasising the need for a proper epidemiological study [2]. As succinctly stated by an authority on fluoride toxicity, this disabling disorder is easily preventable by providing potable water with reduced fluoride content [6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Vengalcheddikulam, in Vavuniya District, has all the predisposing conditions conducive to development of fluoride toxicity: high levels of groundwater fluoride, high average daytime temperature over 35°C, a harsh ambience with many residents engaged in farming or other labourintensive employment, requiring strenuous physical exertion and drinking copious amounts of well water. [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal fluorosis in Vavuniya District: an observational study

Hewavithana

Jayawardhane²,

Gamage³

et al. 2018

Ceylon Med. J.

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Background The WHO recommended safe upper limit for fluoride in drinking water is 1.5 mg/l. Groundwater sources in many parts of Sri Lanka often exceed this limit. The high fluoride content of groundwater and high environmental temperatures in Vavuniya District predispose to pre-skeletal fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis in adults. Objectives To identify residents of Vavuniya District with clinical features of pre-skeletal and skeletal fluorosis; to describe their clinical, biochemical and radiographic features; to determine the fluoride content of blood and urine in individuals with established diagnoses, and of their drinking water. Methods In 98 volunteers we detected 60 with clinical features of pre-skeletal and skeletal fluorosis. Clinical examination, biochemical and radiographic investigations were performed. Forty four with confounding factors were excluded. The balance 16 had radiographic investigation for fluoride bone disease, and assessment of clinical features for pre-skeletal fluorosis. The radiographic criteria of skeletal fluorosis were trabecular haziness, osteosclerosis, osteophytes, cortical thickening and ligamentous or muscle attachment ossification. All 16 had "spot" samples of 15 ml of venous blood taken for biochemical tests and fluoride estimation; and 30 ml of urine, and water from 16 dug wells for fluoride. Results The 16 selected (11 males) had BMI between 20.6 and 31.9 kg/m 2 , and were between 22 and 84 years (59.9 + 20.4). They used water from domestic dug wells for drinking. All had adequate renal function. All serum and urine samples had raised fluoride levels way above the reference ranges for serum (0.02-0.18 mg/l) and urine (0.6-2.0 mg/l). The 16 water samples showed a mean fluoride content of 2.90 + 0.93 mg/l.

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“…Significantly, the deposition of fluoride in hard tissues may have its own adverse effects. The symptoms of excessive fluoride accumulation in bones and teeth are known and well documented, classified as skeletal fluorosis and dental fluorosis, respectively [19][20][21][22][23][24]. In addition to deposition in hard tissues, fluoride may also be found in calcification areas in soft tissues such as the aorta [25][26][27][28][29], coronary arteries [30,31], placenta [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41], tendons [42][43][44], or cartilage [42,45,46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoride and Pineal Gland

Chlubek

Sikora

2020

Applied Sciences

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The pineal gland is an endocrine gland whose main function is the biosynthesis and secretion of melatonin, a hormone responsible for regulating circadian rhythms, e.g., the sleep/wake cycle. Due to its exceptionally high vascularization and its location outside the blood–brain barrier, the pineal gland may accumulate significant amounts of calcium and fluoride, making it the most fluoride-saturated organ of the human body. Both the calcification and accumulation of fluoride may result in melatonin deficiency.

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High prevalence of dental fluorosis among schoolchildren in three villages in Vavuniya District: an observational study

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Factors associated with dental fluorosis in three zones of Ecuador

Factors associated with dental fluorosis in three zones of Ecuador

Skeletal fluorosis in Vavuniya District: an observational study

Fluoride and Pineal Gland

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