High prevalence of chronic kidney disease in a semi-urban population of Western India

Abstract

BackgroundGlobally there is an increase in incidence of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension and stone diseases are the major risk factors for CKD. We organized kidney disease screening camps in a semi-urban population of Gujarat, India on the occasion of World Kidney Day (WKD).MethodsVoluntary participants from six towns were screened. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula and CKD was defined as an eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or albuminuria ≥1+. Urogenital ultrasonography was performed with emphasis on stone burden. Participants with known diabetes, stone diseases, hypertension, kidney/liver/cardiac disease, hepatitis, HIV, transplant recipients, pregnant women and those <18 years were excluded from the study.ResultsOf the 2350 participants (1438 men), CKD was found in 20.93% and eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 was noted in 8.29% of participants. The prevalence of CKD peaked after the seventh decade of life in both genders. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of CKD between coastal and non-coastal regions, however, obesity, hypertension and diabetes were more common in the coastal belt, whereas stone burden was greater in the non-coastal region.ConclusionsThe prevalence of CKD in a semi-urban apparently healthy Indian population was higher than the reported prevalence in developed countries. Significant differences between regions point to the need to evaluate and correctregion-specific risk factors.

Occupational risk factors for chronic kidney disease in Andhra Pradesh: ‘Uddanam Nephropathy’

“…Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and abdominal obesity are the traditional risk factors for CKD in India as shown in previous studies [ 3 , 18 , 19 ]. However, none of these were associated with CKD in the present study.…”

“…However, prevalence estimates from other studies are based on smaller sample sizes, and registry estimates could be overestimated due to potential high reporting bias from an area that is already known to have high CKD prevalence. The coastal region of Saurashtra and non-coastal region of North Gujarat had CKD prevalence of 15.7% and 26%, respectively [ 19 ]. A recent population-based survey of Delhi and Chennai showed that the age standardized prevalence of CKD is 8.7% [ 20 ].…”

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in South Asia: a systematic review

“…Among the 16 studies included in our systematic review, nine were of high quality [ 17 , 18 , 20 , 21 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 30 , 31 ] and seven were of moderate quality [ 19 , 22 – 24 , 27 , 29 , 32 ] based on the preselected criteria described in ‘Quality appraisal’ section. Detail of the study quality is illustrated in Additional file 1 .…”

Treating anaemia in chronic kidney disease improves cardiovascular outcome by improving left ventricular mass index

“…Trivedi H et al found in kidney disease screening camps in a semi-urban population of Gujarat, India CKD was 20.93% and eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 was noted in 8.29% (participants with known diabetes, stone diseases, hypertension, kidney/liver/cardiac disease, hepatitis, HIV, transplant recipients, pregnant women and those <18 years were excluded from this study). 4 This study brings to light the underdetermined burden of CKD in India.…”