High prevalence of campylobacter excretors among Liberian children related to environmental conditions

Mølbak, Kåre; Højlyng, Niels; Gaarslev, Knud

doi:10.1017/s0950268800067364

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…The high prevalence of dogs which are intestinal carriers, together with the wide distribution of C. jejuni and C. coli biotypes among stray dogs, as well as our findings in surface water 7 suggest that envivonmental conditions play an important role in this epidemiological picture. Similar findings have been observed in developing countries among children living in poor, crowded and contaminated urban slums 11 . This is probably, an epidemiological aspect that could also be found in relation to other animal populations.…”

supporting

confidence: 85%

Campylobacter intestinal carriage among stray and pet dogs

Fernández

Martin

1991

Rev. Saúde Pública

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intestinal carriage among stray and pet dogs. Rev. Saúde públ., S. Paulo, 25: 1991. The natural distribution of thermotolerant Campylobacter sp. in dogs (150 stray animals and 64 pets) was studied. Campylobacters were more frequently isolated (p<0.01) from stray dogs (51.3%) rather than from pet dogs (21.9%). All the biotypes described by Lior for C. jejuni and C. coli were found among stray animals, whereas only C. jejuni biotypes I and II and C. coli biotype II were found among pet dogs. The need for more studies related to the role of environmental sanitary conditions in the spreading of Campylobacter species is noted.

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supporting

confidence: 85%

Campylobacter intestinal carriage among stray and pet dogs

Fernández

Martin

1991

Rev. Saúde Pública

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“…The high level of detection by the EIA or PCR methods is not surprising. Prior studies using less selective culture conditions have revealed a high burden of Campylobacter in infants in the developing world (18,19). Similarly, PCR-based detection of C. jejuni/C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Campylobacter in Stool and Determination of Significance by Culture, Enzyme Immunoassay, and PCR in Developing Countries

et al. 2014

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iCampylobacter is a common bacterial enteropathogen that can be detected in stool by culture, enzyme immunoassay (EIA), or PCR. We compared culture for C. jejuni/C. coli, EIA (ProSpecT), and duplex PCR to distinguish Campylobacter jejuni/C. coli and non-jejuni/coli Campylobacter on 432 diarrheal and matched control stool samples from infants in a multisite longitudinal study of enteric infections in Tanzania, Bangladesh, and Peru. The sensitivity and specificity of culture were 8.5% and 97.6%, respectively, compared with the results of EIA and 8.7% and 98.0%, respectively, compared with the results of PCR for C. jejuni/C. coli. Most (71.6%) EIA-positive samples were positive by PCR for C. jejuni/C. coli, but 27.6% were positive for nonjejuni/coli Campylobacter species. Sequencing of 16S rRNA from 53 of these non-jejuni/coli Campylobacter samples showed that it most closely matched the 16S rRNA of C. hyointestinalis subsp. lawsonii (56%), C. troglodytis (33%), C. upsaliensis (7.7%), and C. jejuni/C. coli (2.6%). Campylobacter-negative stool spiked with each of the above-mentioned Campylobacter species revealed reactivity with EIA. PCR detection of Campylobacter species was strongly associated with diarrhea in Peru (odds ratio [OR] ‫؍‬ 3.66, P < 0.001) but not in Tanzania (OR ‫؍‬ 1.56, P ‫؍‬ 0.24) or Bangladesh (OR ‫؍‬ 1.13, P ‫؍‬ 0.75). According to PCR, Campylobacter jejuni/C. coli infections represented less than half of all infections with Campylobacter species. In sum, in infants in developing country settings, the ProSpecT EIA and PCR for Campylobacter reveal extremely high rates of positivity. We propose the use of PCR because it retains high sensitivity, can ascertain burden, and can distinguish between Campylobacter infections at the species level.

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“…Among less rigorous studies, use of on-plot water was associated with lower incidence and prevalence of shigellosis among children (p<0.05) (Hollister et al, 1955;Rajasekaran et al, 1977;Stewart et al, 1955;Watt et al, 1953) and lower cholera incidence (p=0.02) (Wang et al, 1989). On-plot water access was not associated with prevalence of campylobacteriosis among children (Molbak et al, 1988) or household dysentery incidence (Wang et al, 1989). In two of the less rigorous studies not reporting a health benefit, children from households with on-plot water sources had significantly higher giardiasis and diarrhea prevalence than children from households using shared sources (p<0.001, p<0.05), but the statistical analyses were conducted by chisquared tests and did not account for factors such as sanitation, hygiene, water source type, and water quality (Ryder et al, 1985;Mason et al, 1986).…”

Section: Diarrheal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-plot drinking water supplies and health: A systematic review

Overbo

Williams

Evans

et al. 2016

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

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Many studies have found that household access to water supplies near or within the household plot can reduce the probability of diarrhea, trachoma, and other water-related diseases, and it is generally accepted that on-plot water supplies produce health benefits for households. However, the body of research literature has not been analyzed to weigh the evidence supporting this. A systematic review was conducted to investigate the impacts of on-plot water supplies on diarrhea, trachoma, child growth, and water-related diseases, to further examine the relationship between household health and distance to water source and to assess whether on-plot water supplies generate health gains for households. Studies provide evidence that households with on-plot water supplies experience fewer diarrheal and helminth infections and greater child height. Findings suggest that water-washed (hygiene associated) diseases are more strongly impacted by on-plot water access than waterborne diseases. Few studies analyzed the effects of on-plot water access on quantity of domestic water used, hygiene behavior, and use of multiple water sources, and the lack of evidence for these relationships reveals an important gap in current literature. The review findings indicate that on-plot water access is a useful health indicator and benchmark for the progressive realization of the Sustainable Development Goal target of universal safe water access as well as the human right to safe water.

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High prevalence of campylobacter excretors among Liberian children related to environmental conditions

Cited by 22 publications

References 37 publications

Campylobacter intestinal carriage among stray and pet dogs

Campylobacter intestinal carriage among stray and pet dogs

Detection of Campylobacter in Stool and Determination of Significance by Culture, Enzyme Immunoassay, and PCR in Developing Countries

On-plot drinking water supplies and health: A systematic review

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