High prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in pigs reared under intensive growing systems: Frequency of ribotypes and associated risk factors

Navarro, Cristina; Domínguez-Márquez, M. Victoria; Garijo-Toledo, María Magdalena; Vega-García, S.; Fernández-Barredo, Salceda; Pérez‐Gracia, María Teresa; García-Muñoz, Ángel; Borrás, Rafael; Gómez-Muñoz, María Teresa

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.02.003

Cited by 56 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The molecular studies carried out with isolates from animals, and the experimental inoculation of B. hominis in animal models, have demonstrated the existence of Blastocystis spp. genetically identical to those described in humans (Yoshikawa et al , 2004aParkar et al 2007;Navarro et al 2008) and the infectivity of some genotypes of B. hominis for animals (Iguchi et al 2007). That supports the hypothetical existence of a wide animal reservoir and the potential zoonotic transmission of this organism.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

High prevalence of subtype 4 among isolates of Blastocystis hominis from symptomatic patients of a health district of Valencia (Spain)

et al. 2009

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In order to know the genetic diversity of Blastocystis hominis from a health district of Valencia (Spain) 51 clinical isolates from symptomatic patients, 31 axenic and 20 monoxenic, were ribotyped by analysing the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of amplicons obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of small-subunit of ribosomal DNA genes (SSU-rDNA). For this purpose, DNA was subjected to two independent PCR (RD3-RD5, F1-R1) and to three independent treatments with restrictases (AluI, HinfI and RsaI). The digested DNA was separated electrophoretically, the isolates were clustered into ribotypes (ribodemes, RD3-RD5; subgroups, F1-R1) according to their profiles and the results were translated into genetic subtypes (ST) proposed by a consensus terminology. The results show that the isolates studied are an heterogeneous population and that both PCR-RFLP SSU-rDNA protocols have a similar discriminative power, since it allowed the ribotyping of all isolates and their clustering into four demes: ribodemes 1, 3 and 3-r and 6, which include isolates belonging to subgroup III, IV, V and V-r, respectively; which were assigned to ST1 (2%), ST2 (3.9%) and ST4 (94.1%). The most common of which is a zoonotic subtype (Blastocystis ratti) which includes, according to recent studies, non-pathogenic and pathogenic variants.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

High prevalence of subtype 4 among isolates of Blastocystis hominis from symptomatic patients of a health district of Valencia (Spain)

et al. 2009

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“…However, other studies (163,271) showed that subtype 1 may dominates in pigs. Two recent reports (163,201) revealed that pigs may harbor subtype 2, which, until those studies, comprised isolates only from humans and primates. Blastocystis cells often possess one or two nuclei, and occasionally, quadrinucleate cells and cells possessing numerous nuclei have been reported (65,142,146,319,321).…”

Section: Phylogenetic Studies and Identification Of Isolates To The Smentioning

confidence: 92%

“…For example, subtype 5 is currently accepted as being the main Blastocystis genotype in pigs due the its high prevalence in this host (1,295,297). However, other studies (163,271) showed that subtype 1 may dominates in pigs. Two recent reports (163,201) revealed that pigs may harbor subtype 2, which, until those studies, comprised isolates only from humans and primates.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Studies and Identification Of Isolates To The Smentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Insights on Classification, Identification, and Clinical Relevance of Blastocystis spp

Tan¹

2008

Clin Microbiol Rev

612

715

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SUMMARY Blastocystis is an unusual enteric protozoan parasite of humans and many animals. It has a worldwide distribution and is often the most commonly isolated organism in parasitological surveys. The parasite has been described since the early 1900s, but only in the last decade or so have there been significant advances in our understanding of Blastocystis biology. However, the pleomorphic nature of the parasite and the lack of standardization in techniques have led to confusion and, in some cases, misinterpretation of data. This has hindered laboratory diagnosis and efforts to understand its mode of reproduction, life cycle, prevalence, and pathogenesis. Accumulating epidemiological, in vivo, and in vitro data strongly suggest that Blastocystis is a pathogen. Many genotypes exist in nature, and recent observations indicate that humans are, in reality, hosts to numerous zoonotic genotypes. Such genetic diversity has led to a suggestion that previously conflicting observations on the pathogenesis of Blastocystis are due to pathogenic and nonpathogenic genotypes. Recent epidemiological, animal infection, and in vitro host-Blastocystis interaction studies suggest that this may indeed be the case. This review focuses on such recent advances and also provides updates on laboratory and clinical aspects of Blastocystis spp.

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“…7. Proposed life cycle for Blastocystis cells taking into account recent studies (163,169,201,295) suggesting the existence of zoonotic genotypes (subtypes 1 to 7) with various host specificities. Humans and animals are infected by fecal cysts, which develop into vacuolar forms in the large intestines.…”

Section: Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme anoxia tolerance in embryos of the annual killifishAustrofundulus limnaeus: insights from a metabolomics analysis

Podrabsky

Lopez

Fan

et al. 2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

128

154

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SUMMARY The annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus survives in ephemeral pond habitats by producing drought-tolerant diapausing embryos. These embryos probably experience oxygen deprivation as part of their normal developmental environment. We assessed the anoxia tolerance of A. limnaeus embryos across the duration of embryonic development. Embryos develop a substantial tolerance to anoxia during early development, which peaks during diapause II. This extreme tolerance of anoxia is retained during the first 4 days of post-diapause II development and is then lost. Metabolism during anoxia appears to be supported mainly by production of lactate, with alanine and succinate production contributing to a lesser degree. Anoxic embryos also accumulate large quantities of γ-aminobutyrate (GABA), a potential protector of neural function. It appears that the suite of characters associated with normal development and entry into diapause II in this species prepares the embryos for long-term survival in anoxia even while the embryos are exposed to aerobic conditions. This is the first report of such extreme anoxia tolerance in a vertebrate embryo, and introduces a new model for the study of anoxia tolerance in vertebrates.

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High prevalence of Blastocystis sp. in pigs reared under intensive growing systems: Frequency of ribotypes and associated risk factors

Cited by 56 publications

References 35 publications

High prevalence of subtype 4 among isolates of Blastocystis hominis from symptomatic patients of a health district of Valencia (Spain)

High prevalence of subtype 4 among isolates of Blastocystis hominis from symptomatic patients of a health district of Valencia (Spain)

New Insights on Classification, Identification, and Clinical Relevance of Blastocystis spp

Extreme anoxia tolerance in embryos of the annual killifishAustrofundulus limnaeus: insights from a metabolomics analysis

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