High Prevalence of Bacterial Pathogens in Sputum of Tuberculosis Suspected Patients in Buea

Ngekeng, Serge; Pokam, Benjamin Thumamo; Meriki, Henry Dilonga; Njunda, Anna Longdoh; Assob, Jules Clément Nguedia; Ane-Anyangwe, Irene

doi:10.9734/bmrj/2016/22426

Cited by 8 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This rate is almost similar to the study conducted by Hasan et al who observed a 10.8% prevalence of K. pneumoniae [22]. Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus was 8.00% in this study, similar to Ngekeng's study where it was 6.5% [7]. Incidence of Streptococcus spp., S. aureus and K. pneumoniae may be due to their distribution in the respiratory tract where they remain as opportunistic pathogens and may infect when patient's immune system is compromised.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The frequent incidence of P. aeruginosa in the sputum may be owing to their ability to colonize a wide range of ecological niches, such as air polluting agents, animal hosts and humans [19]. S. pneumoniae was isolated in 6.67% sputum samples in our study, but in most of the other similar world-wide studies, S. pneumoniae has been reported as the chief isolate [7,20,21]. In the present study, the prevalence of K. pneumoniae was 8.67% in the sputum samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 39%

“…A Cambodian study also revealed similar result with 43.79% bacterial growth [5]. On the other hand, report from a Nigerian study showed a growth rate of around 61.37% [7]. Such a high degree of variation may be due to the different methods employed for the collection and processing of the samples in different places.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The methodology was followed according to a similar study done by Ngekeng [7]. A loopful of the uncentrifuged sample was streaked over Chocolate agar, Blood agar, MacConkey agar and XLD agar (Hi-Media, India) under laminar air ow conditions.…”

Section: Culture and Identi Cation Of The Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies carried out world-wide report that the potent pathogens of RTIs are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus in uenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp., Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pyogenes and some other enteric Gram-negative rods such as Salmonella choleraesuis, Citrobacter koseri [7,8]. Most of these bacteria are normal ora of the human respiratory tract.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial Etiology of Sputum from Tuberculosis Suspected Patients and Antibiogram of the Isolates

Regmi

Khadka

Adhikari

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objective The current study aims to explore the bacteriology of sputum of tuberculosis (TB) suspected patients. A cross-sectional study was carried out in the sputum samples of 150 TB suspected patients visiting District Public Health Office, Bharatpur, Nepal. The samples were subjected to cultural, microscopic and biochemical analyses for the identification of the isolates. In addition, antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out with a special focus on ESBL and MBL production following Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines.ResultsBacterial growth was recovered in 47% (71/150) of the TB suspected patients of which 12.66% (19/150) had pulmonary TB infection. Streptococcus spp. (9%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9%) were the most frequently isolated bacteria. Enterobacteriaceae accounted for 35% of the total isolates. Occurrence of bacterial pathogens was more in males (69%) than in females (31%).The incidence of bacterial pathogen was seen associated with the gender of the patients and with the TB infection (p<0.05) but independent with the age of the patients and HIV infection(p>0.05). Tetracycline was effective against Streptococcus spp. whereas gentamicin was effective against Bacillus spp. Imipenem and co-trimoxazole were effective drugs for Gram-negative isolates. Among 83 isolates, 35 were multi-drug resistant, 9 were ESBL producers and 4 were MBL producers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 39%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Culture and Identi Cation Of The Isolatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Bacterial Etiology of Sputum from Tuberculosis Suspected Patients and Antibiogram of the Isolates

Regmi

Khadka

Adhikari

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Species, Risk Factors, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Bacterial Isolates from HIV-Infected Patients Suspected to Have Pneumonia in Mekelle Zone, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Adhanom

Gebreegziabiher

Weldu

et al. 2019

BioMed Research International

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Background. Pneumonia is a condition, where bacterial infections are implicated as the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in humans. The actual burden of HIV-infected patients with pneumonia is not well documented in Mekelle region of Ethiopia. This study estimated the prevalence of bacterial pneumonia in HIV patients, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of pathogens implicated in pneumonia, and associated risk factors in Mekelle zone, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, during August-December 2016. Methods. Sputum specimens were collected from 252 HIV seropositive individuals with suspected pneumonia. Data on sociodemographics and risk factors were also collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood, Chocolate, and Mac Conkey agar plates (Oxoid, Hampshire, UK) were used to grow the isolates. The isolated colonies were identified based on Gram stain, colony morphology, pigmentation, hemolysis, and biochemical tests. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 and p-value < 0.05 with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was considered statistically significant. Results. Out of the 252 samples, 110 (43.7%) were positive for various bacterial species. The predominant bacterial species were Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=26, 23.6 %) followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=17, 15.5 %), Escherichia coli (n=16, 14.5%), Klebsiella spp. (n=15, 13.6%), Staphylococcus aureus (n=9, 8.2%), Enterobacter spp. (n=7, 6.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4, n=3.6%), Proteus spp. (n=4, 3.6%), Citrobacter freundii (n=7, 6.3%), Streptococcus pyogenes (3, 2.7%), and Haemophilus influenzae (n=2, 1.8%). Young age (18-29), recent CD4+ count less than 350 cells/mL, alcohol consumption, and HIV WHO stage II showed significant association with the occurrence of bacterial pneumonia. Resistance to penicillin, co-trimoxazole, and tetracycline was observed in 81.8%, 39.8%, and 24.5% of the isolates, respectively. Conclusions. The problem of pneumonia among HIV patients was significant in the study area. The high prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria isolated from the patient’s samples possesses a health risk in immunocompromised HIV patients. There is a need to strengthen and expand culture and susceptibility procedures for the administration of appropriate therapy to improve patients management and care which may aid in decreasing the mortality.

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Pathogenic bacteria recovered from Gene X-pert tuberculosis-negative adult patients in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia

Yohannes,

Belachew,

Assefa

et al. 2023

BMC Pulm Med

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Introduction Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) caused by drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria is a major problem in developing countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the pathogenic bacteria and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among Gene X-pert tuberculosis-negative adult patients with clinically suspected LRTIs at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods This institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 01 to March 15, 2020. Socio-demographic data were collected by using a structured questionnaire. A total of 254 sputum specimens were collected from Gene X-pert tuberculosis-negative patients. Bacterial recovery was performed using blood, chocolate, and MacConkey agar plates. Bacterial isolates were identified based on Gram staining, colony characteristics, and biochemical reactions. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Methicillin resistance of S. aureus was confirmed using cefoxitin (30 µg). Descriptive statistics were calculated for each variable and results are shown in tables and figures. Results In this study, the overall sputum culture positivity rate was 145/254 (57.1%). Gram-negative bacteria 111 (64.9%) were predominant compared to Gram-positive bacteria 60 (35.1%). Of the 145 culture-positive cases, 26 (14.8%) had poly-bacterial infections. S. aureus 40 (66.7%) was the predominant Gram-positive bacterium whereas K. pneumoniae 33 (29.7%), was the most isolated Gram-negative bacterium. Bacterial species, such as S. aureus were sensitive to ciprofloxacin 38/40 (95.0%), gentamicin 37/40 (92.5%), cefoxitin 36/40 (90.0%), and clindamycin 34/40 (85.0%). The proportion of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus was low, 4(10.0%). S. pneumoniae was sensitive to chloramphenicol 8/9 (88.9%) and resistant to ciprofloxacin 6/9 (66.7%). K pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, Serratia species, and H. influenzae also demonstrated high levels of resistance to ampicillin at rates of 21/33 (63.6%), 8/8 (100.0%), 15/17 (88.2%), 7/10 (70.0%), and 6/6 (100.0%), respectively. Conclusion This study revealed a higher burden of Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogenic bacterial agents, which is responsible for LRTs. Therefore, routine sputum culture identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing should be performed in Gene X-pert tuberculosis-negative patients.

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High Prevalence of Bacterial Pathogens in Sputum of Tuberculosis Suspected Patients in Buea

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Bacterial Etiology of Sputum from Tuberculosis Suspected Patients and Antibiogram of the Isolates

Bacterial Etiology of Sputum from Tuberculosis Suspected Patients and Antibiogram of the Isolates

Species, Risk Factors, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Bacterial Isolates from HIV-Infected Patients Suspected to Have Pneumonia in Mekelle Zone, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Pathogenic bacteria recovered from Gene X-pert tuberculosis-negative adult patients in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia

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