High Prevalence of Antiretroviral Drug Resistance among HIV-1-Untreated Patients in Guinea-Conakry and in Niger

Charpentier, Charlotte; Bellecave, Pantxika; Cissé, Mohamed; Mamadou, Saidou; Diakité, Mandiou; Peytavin, Gilles; Tchiombiano, Stéphanie; Teisseire, Pierre; Pizarro, Louis; Storto, Alexandre; Brun‐Vézinet, Françoise; Katlama, Christine; Cálvez, Vincent; Marcelin, Anne–Geneviève; Masquelier, Bernard; Descamps, Diane

doi:10.3851/imp1754

Cited by 26 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Only Nigeria ( n = 183) and Cameroon ( n = 31) were represented by a high or relatively high number of sequences. Other western (Benin, Niger, and Togo) and central (Central African Republic, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon) African countries with circulation of subtype G at significant levels (≥5% of all HIV-1 infections) [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [67], [68], [69], [70], [71], [72] were represented by a small number of sequences ( n ≤15) that may not fully reflect the country’s subtype G diversity, or were not represented at all in our study (Fig. S2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subtype G is the second most prevalent HIV-1 clade in West Africa accounting for nearly 30% of infections in the region [4]. Its prevalence greatly varies within and between countries, comprising 30–50% of HIV-1 infections across different regions from Nigeria [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], 5–15% in Benin, Niger and Togo [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], and ≤4% in other western African countries [14], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30]. Similarly, the occurrence of the CRF06_cpx clade ranges from 40–50% of HIV-1 infections in Burkina Faso [18], [19], [20], to 5–15% in Benin, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal and Togo [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [21], [22], [23], [24], [28], [29], and <3% in other western African countries [14], [26], [27], [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the HIV-1 Subtype G Epidemic in West and Central Africa

2014

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The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype G is the second most prevalent HIV-1 clade in West Africa, accounting for nearly 30% of infections in the region. There is no information about the spatiotemporal dynamics of dissemination of this HIV-1 clade in Africa. To this end, we analyzed a total of 305 HIV-1 subtype G pol sequences isolated from 11 different countries from West and Central Africa over a period of 20 years (1992 to 2011). Evolutionary, phylogeographic and demographic parameters were jointly estimated from sequence data using a Bayesian coalescent-based method. Our analyses indicate that subtype G most probably emerged in Central Africa in 1968 (1956–1976). From Central Africa, the virus was disseminated to West and West Central Africa at multiple times from the middle 1970s onwards. Two subtype G strains probably introduced into Nigeria and Togo between the middle and the late 1970s were disseminated locally and to neighboring countries, leading to the origin of two major western African clades (GWA-I and GWA-II). Subtype G clades circulating in western and central African regions displayed an initial phase of exponential growth followed by a decline in growth rate since the early/middle 1990s; but the mean epidemic growth rate of GWA-I (0.75 year−1) and GWA-II (0.95 year−1) clades was about two times higher than that estimated for central African lineages (0.47 year−1). Notably, the overall evolutionary and demographic history of GWA-I and GWA-II clades was very similar to that estimated for the CRF06_cpx clade circulating in the same region. These results support the notion that the spatiotemporal dissemination dynamics of major HIV-1 clades circulating in western Africa have probably been shaped by the same ecological factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the HIV-1 Subtype G Epidemic in West and Central Africa

2014

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“…Recent data published form Niger and GuineaConakry showed that the prevalence of transmitted virus with resistance mutation was higher: 6% in Niger and 9% in Guinea Conakry. 13 In 2008, a study in Mali showed a prevalence of 2.5% and 1% for nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resistance mutations, respectively. 6 No protease inhibitor (PI) resistance mutation was found.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmitted Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in Newly HIV-Infected and Untreated Patients in Ségou and Bamako, Mali

Maïga

Fofana

Maiga

et al. 2013

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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The WHO recommends regular surveillance for transmitted antiretroviral drug-resistant viruses in HIV antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naive patients in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of mutations associated with resistance in ART-naive patients newly diagnosed with HIV in Bamako and Ségou in Mali. HIV-positive patients who never received ART were recruited in Bamako and Ségou, Mali. The reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR) genes of these patients were sequenced by the ''ViroSeq'' method. Analysis and interpretation of the resistance were made according to the WHO 2009 list of drug resistance mutations. In all, 51/54 (94.4%) sample patients were sequenced. The median age (IQR) of our patients was 24 (22-27) years and the median CD4 count was 380 (340-456) cells/mm 3 . The predominant subtype was recombinant HIV-1 CRF02_AG (66.7%) followed by CRF06_cpx (12%) and CRF09_cpx (4%). Four patients had mutations associated with resistance, giving an overall prevalence of resistance estimated at 7.9%. There were two (4%) patients with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations (one M184V and one T215Y), two (4%) with non-NRTI mutations (two K103N), and one (2%) with a protease inhibitor mutation (one I54V). The prevalence of primary resistance in newly infected patients in Mali is moderate (7.9%). This indicates that the standard NNRTI-based first-line regimen used in Mali is suboptimal for some patients. This study should be done regularly to inform clinical practice.

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“…25 In GC a single recombinant BF/F was found by phylogenetic analysis of 99 protease and RT sequences from antiretroviral-naïve patients. 7 A further study in Côte d'Ivoire identified five subtype F samples with a peptide-based enzyme immunoassay, without confirmation by sequencing. 26 The cluster of subtype F strains (clade F3) identified in GC appears to be unique as it clustered separately from both F1 and F2 subtypes with a bootstrap value of 100 (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…6 Information on the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes and drug-related mutations is of particular importance, primarily as GC initiated large-scale use of antiviral drugs in 2004. 7 Additionally, this information also has implications for the global pandemic, which has seen a marked increase in non-B subtype strains in previously subtype B-restricted areas. 8,9 Clinical differences may exist with non-B subtypes, notably with subtype D which has been reported to have increased speed of disease progression [10][11][12] and higher rates of vertical transmission 13 in comparison to other subtypes with such…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1 subtypes D and F are prevalent in Guinea Conakry

Freimanis¹,

Loua²,

Allain³

2012

Journal of Clinical Virology

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High Prevalence of Antiretroviral Drug Resistance among HIV-1-Untreated Patients in Guinea-Conakry and in Niger

Abstract: We reported the first antiretroviral drug resistance survey studies in antiretroviral-naive patients living in Guinea-Conakry and in Niger. The prevalence of resistance was between 6% and 9% in both sites, which is higher than most of the other countries from Western Africa region.

Cited by 26 publications

References 17 publications

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the HIV-1 Subtype G Epidemic in West and Central Africa

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of the HIV-1 Subtype G Epidemic in West and Central Africa

Transmitted Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in Newly HIV-Infected and Untreated Patients in Ségou and Bamako, Mali

HIV-1 subtypes D and F are prevalent in Guinea Conakry

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