High prevalence information from different sources affects the development of false beliefs

Golde, Celine van; Sharman, Stefanie J.; Candel, Ingrid

doi:10.1002/acp.1558

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Broadly defined, confabulation refers to false beliefs that may be unrelated to actual experienced events (Bortolotti and Cox 2009 ). Information regarding prevalent events (events that are common and therefore of increased likelihood) makes events more self-relevant and increases beliefs in occurrence of such events (van Golde et al 2010 ). Thus, the perceived likelihood that scent was present across conditions would have contributed to confidence in handler beliefs of scent and dog responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handler beliefs affect scent detection dog outcomes

2011

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Our aim was to evaluate how human beliefs affect working dog outcomes in an applied environment. We asked whether beliefs of scent detection dog handlers affect team performance and evaluated relative importance of human versus dog influences on handlers’ beliefs. Eighteen drug and/or explosive detection dog/handler teams each completed two sets of four brief search scenarios (conditions). Handlers were falsely told that two conditions contained a paper marking scent location (human influence). Two conditions contained decoy scents (food/toy) to encourage dog interest in a false location (dog influence). Conditions were (1) control; (2) paper marker; (3) decoy scent; and (4) paper marker at decoy scent. No conditions contained drug or explosive scent; any alerting response was incorrect. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used with search condition as the independent variable and number of alerts as the dependent variable. Additional nonparametric tests compared human and dog influence. There were 225 incorrect responses, with no differences in mean responses across conditions. Response patterns differed by condition. There were more correct (no alert responses) searches in conditions without markers. Within marked conditions, handlers reported that dogs alerted more at marked locations than other locations. Handlers’ beliefs that scent was present potentiated handler identification of detection dog alerts. Human more than dog influences affected alert locations. This confirms that handler beliefs affect outcomes of scent detection dog deployments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handler beliefs affect scent detection dog outcomes

2011

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“…False belief ratings can increase quickly when people are told that a family member said that an event occurred, when a credible expert provides evidence that an event happened, or when individuals are told that an event occurred frequently in a self-relevant reference group (Mazzoni et al, 2001(Mazzoni et al, , 1999Scoboria, Mazzoni, Kirsch, & Jimenez, 2006;van Golde, Sharman, & Candel, 2010). The credibility of the social source of suggestions influences the acceptance of suggested information (Echterhoff, Hirst, & Hussy, 2005;Meade & Roediger, 2002) and the formation of false autobiographical beliefs (Scoboria, Wysman, & Otgaar, 2012).…”

Section: Autobiographical Belief Without Recollectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Tulving (1983), "The feeling that the present recollective experience refers to a past event, and the feeling that the experience is veridical, that is it represents the past faithfully, are given as an integral part of the subjective experience of remembering" (p. 187). Per Brewer (1996), memories are "accompanied by a belief that the remembered episode was personally experienced by the individual in that individual's past" (p. 61), thus stressing that both components are often combined in the act of remembering.…”

Section: Belief In Occurrence and Recollection Are Typically Confoundedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of belief in occurrence within autobiographical memory.

Scoboria¹,

Jackson²,

Talarico³

et al. 2014

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

145

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This article examines the idea that believing that events occurred in the past is a non-memorial decision that reflects underlying processes that are distinct from recollecting events. Research on autobiographical memory has often focused on events that are both believed to have occurred and remembered, thus tending to overlook the distinction between autobiographical belief and recollection. Studying event representations such as false memories, believed-not-remembered events, and non-believed memories shows the influence of non-memorial processes on evaluations of occurrence. Believing that an event occurred and recollecting an event may be more strongly dissociated than previously stated. The relative independence of these constructs was examined in 2 studies. In Study 1, multiple events were cued, and then each was rated on autobiographical belief, recollection, and other memory characteristics. In Study 2, participants described a nonbelieved memory, a believed memory, and a believed-not-remembered event, and they made similar ratings. In both studies, structural equation modeling techniques revealed distinct belief and recollection latent variables. Modeling the predictors of these factors revealed a double dissociation: Perceptual, re-experiencing, and emotional features predicted recollection and not belief, whereas event plausibility strongly predicted belief and weakly predicted recollection. The results show that judgments of autobiographical belief and recollection are distinct, that each is influenced by different sources of information and processes, and that the strength of their relationship varies depending on the type of event under study. The concept of autobiographical belief is elaborated, and implications of the findings are discussed in relation to decision making about events, social influence on memory, metacognition, and recognition processes.

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“…In addition, the effect of feedback may be partially explained by an increase in participants’ confidence about the emotional impact of their experience. We know that telling people that fake events frequently occur makes them more confident that they have experienced those events (e.g., Hart & Schooler, 2006; van Golde, Sharman, & Candel, 2009). Perhaps our participants became more confident that their memory was more or less negative based on what we told them about the number of people – 20 [or 80] percent – who had memories that were more negative than their experience.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional Impact Feedback Changes How We Remember Negative Autobiographical Experiences

Takarangi

Strange

2010

Experimental Psychology

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When people are told that their negative memories are worse than other people's, do they later remember those events differently? We asked participants to recall a recent negative memory then, 24 h later, we gave some participants feedback about the emotional impact of their event--stating it was more or less negative compared to other people's experiences. One week later, participants recalled the event again. We predicted that if feedback affected how participants remembered their negative experiences, their ratings of the memory's characteristics should change over time. That is, when participants are told that their negative event is extremely negative, their memories should be more vivid, recollected strongly, and remembered from a personal perspective, compared to participants in the other conditions. Our results provide support for this hypothesis. We suggest that external feedback might be a potential mechanism in the relationship between negative memories and psychological well-being.

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High prevalence information from different sources affects the development of false beliefs

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Handler beliefs affect scent detection dog outcomes

Handler beliefs affect scent detection dog outcomes

The role of belief in occurrence within autobiographical memory.

Emotional Impact Feedback Changes How We Remember Negative Autobiographical Experiences

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