High prevalence and dissemination of β-lactamase genes in swine farms in northern China

Yang, Fengxia; Zhang, Keqiang; Zhi, Suli; Li, Jiajia; Tian, Xueli; Gu, Yanru; Zhou, Jing

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.144

Cited by 40 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Interestingly, the MGEs abundance in sow feces were greater than that in piglet feces and fattening pig feces in both swine farms, especially in summer (Fig. 2 ), which may be one of the most important reasons for the higher concentrations of ARGs occurred in sow feces 49 . The mobility of ARGs in the environment mainly depends on plasmids and integrons and other MGEs 31 – 34 , 53 , and the prevalence of these shuttle vectors could accelerate the spread of ARGs in the environment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…4 and 5 ), demonstrating the high prevalence of ARGs and their host microbes in the two swine farms. Moreover, numerous studies also implied that swine liquid manure is a huge reservoir of ARGs 12 , 49 , 58 – 60 . Among these investigated ARGs, the levels of tet -ARGs ( tet O, tet W and tet Q) were found to be the highest, ranging from (2.04 ± 0.35) × 10 8 to (2.14 ± 0.21) × 10 11 copies/g dry weight (DW) in pig feces in both swine farms, followed by sul -ARGs ( sul 1 and sul 2) with a concentration range from (1.14 ± 0.13) × 10 6 to (9.61 ± 0.59) × 10 11 copies/g DW.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The samples of piggery wastewater were firstly filtered using 0.22 μm filter membranes, then the filters were put into the extraction tubes provided by FastDNA Spin Kit for Soil (MP Biomedicals, CA, USA). In the process of DNA extraction, Escherichia coli DH5α carrying the CESA9 gene was used as an endosomal marker for determining DNA extraction efficiency of swine feces and wastewater samples 49 . The DNA recovery rate was listed in Table S2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Swine liquid manure: a hotspot of mobile genetic elements and antibiotic resistance genes

Yang

Han

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The overuse or abuse of antibiotics as veterinary medicine and growth promoters accelerates antibiotic resistance, creating a serious threat to public health in the world. Swine liquid manure as an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has received much attention, but little information is known regarding the occurrence, persistence and fate of ARGs-associated mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in swine farms, especially their change patterns and removal in full-scale piggery wastewater treatment systems (PWWTSs). In this study, we searched the presence and distribution of MGEs and associated ARGs in swine farms, and addressed their fate and seasonal variation in full-scale PWWTSs by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Our results revealed class 1 integrons, class 2 integrons and conjugative plasmids were prevalent in pig feces and piggery wastewater. A clear pattern of these MGE levels in swine liquid manure was also observed, i.e., intI1 > intI2 > traA (p < 0.01), and their absolute abundances in winter were all higher than that in summer with 0.07–2.23 logs. Notably, MGEs and ARGs prevailed through various treatment units of PWWTSs, and considerable levels of them were present in the treated effluent discharged from swine farms (up to 101–107 copies/mL for MGEs and 103–108 copies/mL for ARGs). There were significant correlations between most ARG abundance and MGE levels (p < 0.05), such as tetQ and traA (r = 0.775), sul1 and intI1 (r = 0.847), qnrS and inI2 (r = 0.859), suggesting the potential of ARGs—horizontal transfer. Thus the high prevalence and enrichment of MGEs and ARGs occurred in pig feces and piggery wastewater, also implicating that swine liquid manure could be a hotspot for horizontal transfer of ARGs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Swine liquid manure: a hotspot of mobile genetic elements and antibiotic resistance genes

Yang

Han

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Over the past two decades, there has been a significant number of infections caused by bacteria expressing extendedspectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemases (Logan and Weinstein, 2017). In particular, ESBL isolates have been found in humans (Pitout and Laupland, 2008), animals, the environment (water and soil) (Runcharoen et al, 2017), meat and even vegetables (Yang et al, 2019). ESBL are becoming more common because this phenotype is being selected for by the use and exposure to β-lactams, especially the cephalosporins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing Prevalence of ESBL-Producing Multidrug Resistance Escherichia coli From Diseased Pets in Beijing, China From 2012 to 2017

et al. 2019

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We investigated antimicrobial resistance trends and characteristics of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates from pets and whether this correlates with antibiotic usage in the clinic. Clinical samples containing E. coli from diseased cats and dogs were screened for antibiotic sensitivity and associated genotypic features. We identified 127 E. coli isolates from 1886 samples from dogs (n = 1565) and cats (n = 321) with the majority from urinary tract infections (n = 108, 85%). High rates of resistance were observed for β-lactams and fluoroquinolones and resistance to > 3 antibiotic classes (MDR) increased from 67% in 2012 to 75% in 2017 (P < 0.0001). This was especially true for strains resistant to 6-9 antibiotics that increased from 26.67 to 60.71%. Increased rates in β-lactam use for clinical treatment accompanied these increasing resistance rates. Accordingly, the most frequently encountered subtypes were bla CTX-M (n = 44, 34.65%), bla CTX-M-65 (n = 19) and bla CTX-M-15 (n = 18) and qnrB (n = 119, 93.70%). The bla CTX-M-isolates possessed 36 unique pulsed field electrophoretic types (PFGEs) and 28 different sequence types (STs) in ST405 (7, 15.9%), ST131 (3, 6.8%), ST73, ST101, ST372, and ST827 (2, 4.5% each) were the most prevalent. This data demonstrated a high level of diversity for the bla CTX-M-positive E. coli isolates. Additionally, bla NDM-5 was detected in three isolates (n = 3, 2.36%), comprised of two ST101 and one ST405 isolates, and mcr-1 was also observed in three colistin-resistant E. coli with three different STs (ST6316, ST405, and ST46). Our study demonstrates an increasing trend in MDR and ESBL-producing E. coli and this correlated with β-lactam antibiotic usage for treatment of these animals. This data indicates that there is significant risk for the spread of resistant bacteria from pets to humans and antibiotic use for pets should be more strictly regulated.

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“…Veterinary antimicrobials always have the most priority treatment, and some of them are often taken as growth promoters for swine fattening ( Ochoa et al, 2016 ). Increasing diversity and abundance of the antimicrobial resistance in E. coli clinical isolates witnessed the extensive and excessive usage of veterinary antimicrobials in swine herds of 18 provinces in China between 2010 and 2019 ( Zhang et al, 2017 , 2019a ; Yang et al, 2019 ). Swine farming could lead to enhanced concentration levels of various veterinary antimicrobials and ARGs in groundwater and soils ( Qiao et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse Gene Cassette Arrays Prevail in Commensal Escherichia coli From Intensive Farming Swine in Four Provinces of China

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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Multiple-drug resistance bacteria containing antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) are a concern for public health. Integrons are bacterial genetic elements that can capture, rearrange, and express mobile gene cassettes responsible for the spread of ARGs. Few studies link genotype and phenotype of swine-related ARGs in the context of mobile gene cassette arrays among commensal Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) in nonclinical livestock isolates from intensive farms. In the present study, a total of 264 isolates were obtained from 330 rectal swabs to determine the prevalence and characteristics of antibiotic-resistant gene being carried by commensal E. coli in the healthy swine from four intensive farms at Anhui, Hebei, Shanxi, and Shaanxi, in China. Antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of the recovered isolates were determined for 19 antimicrobials. The E. coli isolates were commonly nonsusceptible to doxycycline (75.8%), tetracycline (73.5%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (71.6%), amoxicillin (68.2%), sulfasalazine (67.1%), ampicillin (58.0%), florfenicol (56.1%), and streptomycin (53.0%), but all isolates were susceptible to imipenem (100%). Isolates [184 (69.7%)] exhibited multiple drug resistance with 11 patterns. Moreover, 197 isolates (74.6%) were detected carrying the integron-integrase gene ( intI 1) of class 1 integrons. A higher incidence of antimicrobial resistance was observed in the intI 1-positive E. coli isolates than in the intI 1-negative E. coli isolates. Furthermore, there were 17 kinds of gene cassette arrays in the 70 integrons as detected by sequencing amplicons of variable regions, with 66 isolates (94.3%) expressing their gene cassettes encoding for multiple drug resistance phenotypes for streptomycin, neomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, amikacin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, sulfasalazine, and florfenicol. Notably, due to harboring multiple, hybrid, and recombination cassettes, complex cassette arrays were attributed to multiple drug resistance patterns than simple arrays. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the prevalence of multiple drug resistance and the incidence of class 1 integrons were 69.7 and 74.6% in commensal E. coli isolated from healthy swine, which were lower in frequency than that previously reported in China.

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High prevalence and dissemination of β-lactamase genes in swine farms in northern China

Cited by 40 publications

References 48 publications

Swine liquid manure: a hotspot of mobile genetic elements and antibiotic resistance genes

Swine liquid manure: a hotspot of mobile genetic elements and antibiotic resistance genes

Increasing Prevalence of ESBL-Producing Multidrug Resistance Escherichia coli From Diseased Pets in Beijing, China From 2012 to 2017

Diverse Gene Cassette Arrays Prevail in Commensal Escherichia coli From Intensive Farming Swine in Four Provinces of China

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