“…For natural sepiolite (without any physical or chemical treatment), the particles have an isoelectric point at pH ≈ 6 [20,21], although the substitution of the exchange divalent cations by monovalent ones provokes that the positive branch of the zeta potential, at pH < pH(iep), disappears [21]. In fact, when natural palygorskite clays, which have a structure and chemical composition practically identical to sepiolite [14], are treated with solutions of alkaline ions or, alternatively, dispersed in acid solution to remove impurities, such as carbonates, the zeta potentials reported have negative values at acid and also at basic pH [13,22,23]. Therefore, when the impurities are removed or the exchange multivalent cations are replaced by monovalent ones, the electrochemistry of the solid/liquid interface of the sepiolite particles is mainly dominated by the reactions with the silanol (Si-O-H) groups, as occurs for silica particles.…”