IrO 2 is one of the most efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and also has other applications such as in pH sensors. Atomistic modeling of IrO 2 is critical for understanding the structure, chemistry, and nanoscale dynamics of IrO 2 in these applications. Such modeling has remained elusive due to the lack of an empirical force field (EFF) for IrO 2 . We introduce a first-principles-based EFF that couples the Morse (MS) potential with a variable charge equilibration method, QEq. The EFF parameters are optimized using a genetic algorithm (GA) on a density functional theory (DFT)-based training set. The resultant Morse plus QEq EFF, "MS-Q" in short, successfully reproduces the lattice constants, elastic constants, binding energies, and internal coordinates of various polymorphs of IrO 2 from DFT calculations. More importantly, it accurately captures key metrics for evaluating structural and chemical properties of catalysts such as surface energetics, equilibrium shape, electrostatic charges, oxygen vacancy formation energies, relative stability of low index rutile IrO 2 surfaces, and pressureinduced phase transformations. The MS-Q EFF is used to predict the oxygen binding energy (E ad ), a wellknown descriptor for OER activity, on various sites of a nanocatalyst. We find E ad to be more favorable at low coordination sites, i.e. edges and corners, compared to planar facets; E ad is also correlated with charge transfer between the adsorbed O and nanocrystal, highlighting the importance of variable charge electrostatics in modeling catalysis on metal oxide surfaces. Our variable charge force field offers encouraging prospects for carrying out large-scale reactive simulations to evaluate catalytic performance of IrO 2 surfaces and nanostructures. 4 interactions. 47-50 For example, a Morse+QEq (MS-Q) force field for titanium oxide, developed by Swamy and Gale, accurately predicted the bulk moduli and binding energies of various titanium oxide polymorphs, when compared to quantum mechanical calculations, but could not predict the relative surface stability in rutile TiO 2 . 48, 51 There are several possibilities for this shortcoming: the lack of surface energies in the training set, 51 the lack of parametrizing of QEq parameters, and/or the lack of adequate global parameter space search. We hypothesize that it is possible to successfully use MS-Q to describe the IrO 2 system by addressing these missing elements.Our approach for developing a MS-Q force-field incorporates several key elements: the inclusion of diverse local environments in an elaborate DFT training set that includes surfaces, the parameterization of QEq parameters, and the use of an evolutionary algorithm to parameterize MS-Q. The use of different local environments including broken bonds in the training set enhances the probability that chemical reactions can be modeled with the resultant force field. The QEq parameters, namely, electronegativity and chemical hardness, may depend on chemical environments and therefore should ...