High-precision study of Cs polarizabilities

Abstract

We present results of the first-principles calculation of Cs dipole static polarizabilities for the N s (N = 6 − 12), N pj (N = 6 − 10), and N dj (N = 5 − 10) states using the relativistic all-order method. In our implementation of the all-order method, single and double excitations of Dirac-Fock wave functions are included to all orders in perturbation theory. Additional calculations are carried out for the dominant terms and the uncertainties of our final values are estimated for all states. A comprehensive review of the existing theoretical and experimental studies of the Cs polarizabilities is also carried out. Our results are compared with other values where they are available. These calculations provide a theoretical benchmark for a large number of Cs polarizabilities. * Electronic address: usafrono@nd.edu; On leave from ISAN, Troitsk, Russia In 2005, Gould and Miller [3] wrote a comprehensive review of the experimental methods to determine the static electric-dipole polarizabilities. Miller and Bederson's earlier review from 1988 [4] concentrated on the bulk polarizability measurements and the atomic beam methods. Average bulk ground state static polarizabilities are measured by determining the dielectric constant of an atomic or molecular gas. The bulk dynamic polarizabilities are determined by measuring the refractive index of the gas, see [4]. The bulk methods are very accurate, but their limitation lies in the need to deal with atoms or molecules that are stable and gaseous at room temperature and the fact that the effect of the excited states can not be accounted for.In 1974, Molof et al.[5] used the E-H-gradient balance technique to measure the static electricdipole polarizabilities of alkali-metal atoms. They obtained the value (59.6 ± 1.2) 10 −24 cm 3 for electric-dipole polarizability of the ground state of cesium. Hall and Zorn [6] measured the value (63.3 ± 4.6) 10 −24 cm 3 for the electric-dipole polarizability of the ground state of cesium. They used the deflection of a velocity-selected atomic beam in inhomogeneous electric field. The technique is based on the fact that the deflection experienced by atoms moving through a region with known transverse electric field gradient is proportional to the dipole polarizability of the atoms. An important detail of this technique is that the precision with which the velocity of the atoms is known puts a limitation on the precision of the experiment. The short interaction time in the case of high velocity which leads to small deflection of the beam places another limitation on the accuracy of this method.In 1995, Ekstrom et al.[7] designed an atomic interference experiment that allowed them to measure the ground state energy shifts with spectroscopic precision and determine the ground state dipole polarizability. In 2003, Amini and Gould [8] designed an experiment that avoids the problems associated with the measuring the deflection of a thermal beam in transverse electric-field gradient. They measure the effect of the electric-field gradient on the lo...

Experimental and theoretical study of the6d3/2polarizability of cesium

“…The agreement is also good with the more sophisticated relativistic all-order calculations of Refs. [1,11]. Present theoretical results are in agreement with Refs.…”

“…(11). We refer to the results of these two ab initio calculations as single-double (SD) and single-double partial triple (SDpT) values, respectively.…”

“…Present theoretical results are in agreement with Refs. [1,11] −5320 8620 Refs. [1,11] −5680(450) 8770 (360) but are substantially more accurate.…”

“…[1,11] −5320 8620 Refs. [1,11] −5680(450) 8770 (360) but are substantially more accurate. The present experimental and theoretical values for the tensor polarizability are in agreement within the experimental precision.…”

“…The polarizabilities of essentially all the lower-lying states of cesium have also been calculated. These calculation were carried out using using both the Coulomb approximation [10] and a relativistic all-order method [11,12].…”