High-precision chronology for Central American maize diversification from El Gigante rockshelter, Honduras

Kennett, Douglas J.; Thakar, Heather B.; VanDerwarker, Amber M.; Webster, David; Culleton, Brendan J.; Harper, Thomas K.; Kistler, Logan; Scheffler, Timothy Erich; Hirth, Kenneth G.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1705052114

Cited by 50 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…AMS dates on charcoal were prepared using published Acid-Base-Acid, combustion, and graphitization methods at the Pennsylvania State University (PSU), University of California at Irvine (UCI), and University of New Mexico [59] and measured on NEC Accelerator Mass Spectrometers at PSU and UCI. Three TY samples were processed and analyzed at Directams.com using similar protocols available on their website.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking late Paleoindian stone tool technologies and populations in North, Central and South America

et al. 2019

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From the perspective of Central and South America, the peopling of the New World was a complex process lasting thousands of years and involving multiple waves of Pleistocene and early Holocene period immigrants entering into the neotropics. These Paleoindian colonists initially brought with them technologies developed for adaptation to environments and resources found in North America. As the ice age ended across the New World people adapted more generalized stone tools to exploit changing environments and resources. In the neotropics these changes would have been pronounced as patchy forests and grasslands gave way to broadleaf tropical forests. We document a late Pleistocene/early Holocene stone tool tradition from Belize, located in southern Mesoamerica. This represents the first endogenous Paleoindian stone tool technocomplex recovered from well dated stratigraphic contexts for Mesoamerica. Previously designated Lowe, these artifacts share multiple features with contemporary North and South American Paleoindian tool types. Once hafted, these bifaces appear to have served multiple functions for cutting, hooking, thrusting, or throwing. The tools were developed at a time of technological regionalization reflecting the diverse demands of a period of pronounced environmental change and population movement. Combined stratigraphic, technological, and population paleogenetic data suggests that there were strong ties between lowland neotropic regions at the onset of the Holocene.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking late Paleoindian stone tool technologies and populations in North, Central and South America

et al. 2019

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“…All bone collagen samples were prepared for δ 13 C and δ 15 N measurement and AMS 14 C dating at the Human Paleoecology and Isotope Geochemistry Laboratory at The Pennsylvania State University (Kennett et al 2017a). Inner and outer surfaces of all bone fragments were manually cleaned using a sterilized X-ACTO blade to remove surface contamination and trabecular bone.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Glimpse of the People of Altica: Osteological and Isotopic/Radiocarbon Analysis

2019

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Altica is a rare first-farming village site in the Basin of Mexico that has survived to modern times. Thus, it provides a glimpse into life during the Early–Middle Formative period. While valuable archaeological information on the village was recovered in excavation, only four burials comprising four individuals were recovered, a very small sample. Two individuals are older-aged females; the third, a middle-aged male, was accompanied by prestigious nonperishable goods and indicates that there are status differences even at this early date. The final individual was a young male buried in a deviant manner, suggesting possible foul play. While all individuals have indicators of periods of poor health, stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen paint a more complete picture of the types of foods these individuals consumed over their lifetime. Radiogenic strontium isotopes of tooth enamel identify one individual, the young male buried in a deviant manner, as non-native to the Altica region. Thus, there is mystery in the manner of death, but even in this small sample, the wider connections Altica had that are so evident in the artefactual analysis are found in the skeletons. In addition, accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating provides a chronology of occupation through the people.

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“…Morphological intermediates are rare in the archaeological record, reflecting a rapid transition from a teosinte‐like phenotype to a maize‐like phenotype. In the earliest archaeological samples of maize, cobs are non‐disarticulating, have softened glumes with a narrow rachis, and shallow cupules with evidence of one or two spikelets (Mangelsdorf, ; Benz, ; Kennett et al ., ).…”

Section: The Tempo Of Maize Domesticationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Maize domestication and gene interaction

Stitzer

Ross‐Ibarra

2018

New Phytologist

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Contents Summary 395 I. Introduction 395 II. The genetic basis of maize domestication 396 III. The tempo of maize domestication 401 IV. Genetic interactions and selection during maize domestication 401 V. Gene networks of maize domestication alleles 404 VI. Implications of gene interactions on evolution and selection404 VII. Conclusions 405 Acknowledgements 405 References 405 SUMMARY: Domestication is a tractable system for following evolutionary change. Under domestication, wild populations respond to shifting selective pressures, resulting in adaptation to the new ecological niche of cultivation. Owing to the important role of domesticated crops in human nutrition and agriculture, the ancestry and selection pressures transforming a wild plant into a domesticate have been extensively studied. In Zea mays, morphological, genetic and genomic studies have elucidated how a wild plant, the teosinte Z. mays subsp. parviglumis, was transformed into the domesticate Z. mays subsp. mays. Five major morphological differences distinguish these two subspecies, and careful genetic dissection has pinpointed the molecular changes responsible for several of these traits. But maize domestication was a consequence of more than just five genes, and regions throughout the genome contribute. The impacts of these additional regions are contingent on genetic background, both the interactions between alleles of a single gene and among alleles of the multiple genes that modulate phenotypes. Key genetic interactions include dominance relationships, epistatic interactions and pleiotropic constraint, including how these variants are connected in gene networks. Here, we review the role of gene interactions in generating the dramatic phenotypic evolution seen in the transition from teosinte to maize.

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High-precision chronology for Central American maize diversification from El Gigante rockshelter, Honduras

Cited by 50 publications

References 47 publications

Linking late Paleoindian stone tool technologies and populations in North, Central and South America

Linking late Paleoindian stone tool technologies and populations in North, Central and South America

A Glimpse of the People of Altica: Osteological and Isotopic/Radiocarbon Analysis

Maize domestication and gene interaction

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