High-precision AMS 14 C chronology for Gatecliff Shelter, Nevada

Kennett, Douglas J.; Culleton, Brendan J.; Dexter, Jaime; Mensing, Scott; Thomas, David Hurst

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2014.06.008

Cited by 37 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…In a test of synchroneity, it is ideal to have numerous, highly accurate, and precise dates to develop robust chronological models (6). The term "date" represents a measured value, and "age" refers to real or modeled calendar years.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bayesian chronological analyses consistent with synchronous age of 12,835–12,735 Cal B.P. for Younger Dryas boundary on four continents

Kennett

Culleton

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The Younger Dryas impact hypothesis posits that a cosmic impact across much of the Northern Hemisphere deposited the Younger Dryas boundary (YDB) layer, containing peak abundances in a variable assemblage of proxies, including magnetic and glassy impact-related spherules, high-temperature minerals and melt glass, nanodiamonds, carbon spherules, aciniform carbon, platinum, and osmium. Bayesian chronological modeling was applied to 354 dates from 23 stratigraphic sections in 12 countries on four continents to establish a modeled YDB age range for this event of 12,835-12,735 Cal B.P. at 95% probability. This range overlaps that of a peak in extraterrestrial platinum in the Greenland Ice Sheet and of the earliest age of the Younger Dryas climate episode in six proxy records, suggesting a causal connection between the YDB impact event and the Younger Dryas. Two statistical tests indicate that both modeled and unmodeled ages in the 30 records are consistent with synchronous deposition of the YDB layer within the limits of dating uncertainty (∼100 y). The widespread distribution of the YDB layer suggests that it may serve as a datum layer.Younger Dryas | comet | Bayesian | radiocarbon | synchroneity A ccording to the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis (YDIH)(1), a major cosmic episode of multiple airbursts/impacts occurred at 12,800 ± 300 calendar years before 1950 (Cal B.P. represents calendar years before A.D. 1950, unless otherwise noted; 95% probability) or 12,950-12,650 Cal B.P. at 68% probability. This event produced the Younger Dryas boundary (YDB) layer, displaying peaks in a variable assemblage of spherules (glassy and/or magnetic-inferred to be impact ejecta and therefore, for simplicity, referred to below as impact-related spherules), high-temperature minerals and melt glass, nanodiamonds, charcoal, carbon spherules, glass-like carbon, aciniform carbon (soot), nickel, iridium, platinum, and osmium. The event may have triggered the Younger Dryas episode of abrupt climate change, contributed to the end-Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions, and initiated human population reorganization/ decline across the Northern Hemisphere (1-5). Because a temporally singular event is proposed, the YDIH requires dates on the YDB layer to be essentially isochronous across four continents within the limits of dating methods.In a test of synchroneity, it is ideal to have numerous, highly accurate, and precise dates to develop robust chronological models (6). The term "date" represents a measured value, and "age" refers to real or modeled calendar years. However, when developing high-precision chronologies, there are multiple challenges that are amplified in Pleistocene age deposits. Modern accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon ( 14 C) measurements are typically very precise, with uncertainties of ±20 y to ±30 y at 11,000 14 C years B.P., but high precision does not mean high accuracy. Numerous problems can produce erroneous ages Significance A cosmic impact event at ∼12,800 Cal B.P. formed the Younger Dryas boundary (YDB) l...

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confidence: 99%

Bayesian chronological analyses consistent with synchronous age of 12,835–12,735 Cal B.P. for Younger Dryas boundary on four continents

Kennett

Culleton

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Traditional statistical analysis of 14 C dates from archaeological contexts has relied on probability distributions to determine the likelihood that two dated events were sequential or contemporaneous. The Bayesian approach, on the other hand, incorporates a priori contextual and stratigraphic information obtained in the field within modeled sequences of 14 C dates to constrain probability distributions (Buck et al 1991;Bayliss and Bronk Ramsey 2004;Bronk Ramsey et al 2010;Culleton et al 2012;Inomata et al 2013Inomata et al , 2014Douka et al 2014;Higham et al 2014;Kennett et al 2014;McClure et al 2014;Bronk Ramsey 2015;Huster and Smith 2015). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radiocarbon, Vol 58, Nr 1, 2016, p 69-87 DOI:10.1017/RDC.2015.7 © 2016 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona to estimate the timing of events including the settlement and growth of the site (Beramendi-Orosco et al 2009;Bronk Ramsey et al 2010;Kennett et al 2011Kennett et al , 2014Prufer et al 2011;Culleton et al 2012;Inomata et al 2013Inomata et al , 2014Jazwa et al 2013;Lesure et al 2014;Hoggarth et al 2014;Smith et al 2014;Bronk Ramsey 2015;Huster and Smith 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AMS¹⁴C Dating of Preclassic to Classic Period Household Construction in the Ancient Maya Community of Cahal Pech, Belize

et al. 2016

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Archaeologists have traditionally relied upon relative ceramic chronologies to understand the occupational histories of large and socially complex polities in the Maya lowlands. High-resolution accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating can provide independent chronological control for more discrete events that reflect cultural change through time. This article reports results of AMS 14 C dating of stratified sequences at the residential group Tzutziiy K'in, associated with the major Maya polity of Cahal Pech in the Belize Valley. Cahal Pech is one of the earliest permanently settled sites in the Maya lowlands (1200 cal BC), and was continuously occupied until the Terminal Classic Maya "collapse" (~cal AD 800). We use Bayesian modeling to build a chronology for the settlement, growth, and terminal occupation of Tzutziiy K'in, and compare our results to chronological data from the monumental site core at Cahal Pech. The analyses indicate that Tzutziiy K'in was first settled by the Late Preclassic period (350-100 cal BC), concurrent with the establishment of several other large house groups and the growth of the Cahal Pech site core. Terminal occupation by high-status residents at this house group occurred between cal AD 850 and 900. This study provides a framework for interpreting patterns of spatial, demographic, and sociopolitical change between households and the Cahal Pech site core.

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“…We especially hope that students will understand the long-term potential that these methods have for transforming our current understandings of chronology in the Southeast. This ultimately should orient our field to depend less on legacy (and in many cases chronologically outdated) culturehistoric artifact chronologies, and more on decadalscale probabilistic chronologies from high-quality Bayesian modeling (for example, see Bayliss et al [2007]; Bayliss [2009]; Hamilton et al [2015]; Kennett et al [2013Kennett et al [ , 2014; Whittle et al [2011]). We hope that eventually all major southeastern culture-historic chronologies will undergo the rigorous, robust re-dating and Bayesian re-thinking that is currently being done for key European chronologies (Conneller et al 2016;Garrow et al 2009;Macsween et al 2015;Sheridan and Bayliss 2008;Whittle et al 2011.…”

Section: The Final Frontier? Bayesian Approaches In the American Soutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemplating the history and future of radiocarbon dating in the American Southeast

Thompson

Krus

2017

Southeastern Archaeology

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High-precision AMS 14 C chronology for Gatecliff Shelter, Nevada

Cited by 37 publications

References 92 publications

Bayesian chronological analyses consistent with synchronous age of 12,835–12,735 Cal B.P. for Younger Dryas boundary on four continents

Bayesian chronological analyses consistent with synchronous age of 12,835–12,735 Cal B.P. for Younger Dryas boundary on four continents

AMS¹⁴C Dating of Preclassic to Classic Period Household Construction in the Ancient Maya Community of Cahal Pech, Belize

Contemplating the history and future of radiocarbon dating in the American Southeast

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High-precision AMS 14 C chronology for Gatecliff Shelter, Nevada

Cited by 37 publications

References 92 publications

Bayesian chronological analyses consistent with synchronous age of 12,835–12,735 Cal B.P. for Younger Dryas boundary on four continents

Bayesian chronological analyses consistent with synchronous age of 12,835–12,735 Cal B.P. for Younger Dryas boundary on four continents

AMS14C Dating of Preclassic to Classic Period Household Construction in the Ancient Maya Community of Cahal Pech, Belize

Contemplating the history and future of radiocarbon dating in the American Southeast

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AMS¹⁴C Dating of Preclassic to Classic Period Household Construction in the Ancient Maya Community of Cahal Pech, Belize