High-precision 14C and 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Campanian Ignimbrite (Y-5) reconciles the time-scales of climatic-cultural processes at 40 ka

Giaccio, Biagio; Hajdas, Irka; Isaia, Roberto; Deino, Alan L.; Nomade, Sébastien

doi:10.1038/srep45940

Cited by 195 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…We also analysed for the first time the major element composition of glasses from the tephra layer AF-YI-13, a sample from the Taurano Ignimbrite of Rolandi et al (2003) those of S11 PAUP and TF-17. This finding confirms the good performance of this widely diffused tephra as a potential marker layer for the MIS 6 interval in the central Mediterranean area, as suggested by Giaccio et al (2017a). This finding confirms the good performance of this widely diffused tephra as a potential marker layer for the MIS 6 interval in the central Mediterranean area, as suggested by Giaccio et al (2017a).…”

Section: Tephrostratigraphical Datasupporting

confidence: 84%

Geomorphic response to late Quaternary tectonics in the axial portion of the Southern Apennines (Italy): A case study from the Calore River valley

Amato

Aucelli

Cesarano

et al. 2018

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The present study focuses on the morphotectonic evolution of the axial portion of the Southern Apennine chain between the lower Calore River valley and the northern Camposauro mountain front (Campania Region). A multidisciplinary approach was used, including geomorphological, field‐geology, stratigraphical, morphotectonic, structural, 40Ar/39Ar and tephrostratigraphical data. Results indicate that, from the Lower Pleistocene onwards, this sector of the chain was affected by extensional tectonics responsible for the onset of the sedimentation of Quaternary fluvial, alluvial fan and slope deposits. Fault systems are mainly composed of NW‐SE, NE–SW and W‐E trending strike‐slip and normal faults, associated to NW‐SE and NE–SW oriented extensions. Fault scarps, stratigraphical and structural data and morphotectonic indicators suggest that these faults affected the wide piedmont area of the northern Camposauro mountain front in the Lower Pleistocene–Upper Pleistocene time span. Faults affected both the oldest Quaternary slope deposits (Laiano Synthem, Lower Pleistocene) and the overlying alluvial fan system deposits constrained between the late Middle Pleistocene and the Holocene. The latter are geomorphologically and chrono‐stratigraphically grouped into four generations, I generation: late Middle Pleistocene–early Upper Pleistocene, with tephra layers 40Ar/39Ar dated to 158±6 and 113±7 ka; II generation: Upper Pleistocene, with tephra layers correlated with the Campanian Ignimbrite (39 ka) and with the slightly older Campi Flegrei activity (40Ar/39Ar age 48±7 ka); III generation: late Upper Pleistocene–Lower Holocene, with tephra layers correlated with the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (~15 ka); IV generation: Holocene in age. The evolution of the first three generations was controlled by Middle Pleistocene extensional tectonics, while Holocene fans do not show evidence of tectonic activity. Nevertheless, considering the moderate to high magnitude historical seismicity of the study area, we cannot rule out that some of the recognized faults may still be active. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Tephrostratigraphical Datasupporting

confidence: 84%

Geomorphic response to late Quaternary tectonics in the axial portion of the Southern Apennines (Italy): A case study from the Calore River valley

Amato

Aucelli

Cesarano

et al. 2018

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…Only a few eruptions have produced pyroclasts with relatively low K 2 O/Na 2 O, as we observed in the composition of the GS3–14.85 tephra. The largest explosive eruption of the Campi Flegrei produced the CI (Ort, Rosi, & Anderson, ; Rolandi, Bellucci, Heizler, Belkin, & De Vivo, ) and occurred ~39 ka (De Vivo et al, ; Giaccio, Hajdas, Isaia, Deino, & Nomade, ). The CI tephra shares the low alkali ratio observed in SG3–14.85 (Civetta et al, ; Smith, Isaia, Engwell, & Albert, ; Tomlinson et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Holocene paleogeographic evolution of an ancient port city of the central Mediterranean area: Natural and anthropogenic modifications from Salerno city, southern Italy

et al. 2019

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A multidiplisciplinary study, including geomorphological, lithostratigraphical, geochronological, geochemical, and paleontological investigations, was carried out in the coastal area of Salerno city, southern Italy. The study aimed to outline the Late Glacial‐Holocene geoenvironmental evolution of Salerno's port area in response to both natural and anthropogenic factors. The geomorphological study included an examination of historic maps, which enabled a detailed reconstruction of the coastal landscape change during historic times. Lithostratigraphical analyses of three new boreholes, supported by radiocarbon and tephrochronological data, and of previously retrieved core‐successions and archaeological trenches, extends our reconstruction of the paleogeographical evolution of the Salerno coastal area back to the Late Pleistocene. Geochemical and paleontological analyses of samples from the newly acquired cores were combined with the lithofacies analyses of previously retrieved cores to detect ancient harbors in the area of the current port facilities of the city and surrounding urban areas. This work contributes to scientific debate about the specific sedimentary architectures and geochemical properties of the Salerno harbor environment and refines methodological approaches for characterizing and assessing the evolution and demise of ancient port facilities in Mediterranean coastal cities.

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“…At the lacustrine/fluvial/aeolian sediment sequence of Caciulatesti in south‐western Romania, Constantin et al . () investigated two samples bracketing the CI/Y5 tephra (39.85 ± 0.14 ka, 40 Ar/ 39 Ar, Giaccio et al ., ) using the SAR protocol on different grain size fractions of quartz. Ages from the underlying sand layer range from 38.5 ± 2.8 ka (4–11 µm) to 44.6 ± 3.8 ka (90–125 µm), while the overlying loess gave ages between 36.2 ± 3.3 ka (125–180 µm) and 44.4 ± 3.4 ka (4–11 µm).…”

Section: Indirect Luminescence Dating Of Tephra By Bracketing Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and indirect luminescence dating of tephra: A review

Bösken

Schmidt

2019

J Quaternary Science

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In Quaternary studies, tephras are widely used as marker horizons to correlate geological deposits. Therefore, accurate and precise dating is crucial. Among radiometric dating techniques, luminescence dating has the potential to date tephra directly using glass shards, volcanic minerals that formed during the eruption or mineral fragments that originate from the shattered country rock. Moreover, sediments that frame the tephra can be dated to attain an indirect age bracket. A review of numerous luminescence dating studies highlights the method's potential and challenges. While reliable direct dating of volcanic quartz and feldspar as a component in tephra is still methodically difficult mainly due to thermal and athermal signal instability, red thermoluminescence of volcanic quartz and the far-red emission of volcanic feldspar have been used successfully. Furthermore, the dating of xenolithic quartz within tephra shows great potential. Numerous studies date tephra successfully indirectly. Dating surrounding sediments is generally straightforward as long as samples are not taken too close to the tephra horizons. Here, issues arise from the occurrence of glass shards within the sediments or unreliable determination of dose rates. This includes relocation of radioelements, mixing of tephra into the sediment and disregarding different dose rates of adjacent material.

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High-precision 14C and 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Campanian Ignimbrite (Y-5) reconciles the time-scales of climatic-cultural processes at 40 ka

Cited by 195 publications

References 54 publications

Geomorphic response to late Quaternary tectonics in the axial portion of the Southern Apennines (Italy): A case study from the Calore River valley

Geomorphic response to late Quaternary tectonics in the axial portion of the Southern Apennines (Italy): A case study from the Calore River valley

Holocene paleogeographic evolution of an ancient port city of the central Mediterranean area: Natural and anthropogenic modifications from Salerno city, southern Italy

Direct and indirect luminescence dating of tephra: A review

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