High power VCSEL devices for free space optical communications

Yoshikawa, Masahiro; Murakami, A.; Sakurai, Jun; Nakayama, H.; Nakamura, Takeshi

doi:10.1109/ectc.2005.1441445

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…There are only a few research papers to date specifically on the development of VCSEL arrays for free-space optical links. Our experimental arrays trace their origins to the pioneering work of Yoshikawa et al, in 2005 [ 13 ], wherein the authors demonstrated 3 × 3, 4 × 4, and 5 × 5 850 nm VCSEL arrays emitting cone-shaped beams at 2.5 Gb/s, intended specifically as light sources for free-space data links. In 2009 and 2010, Safaisini et al [ 14 , 15 ] reported 980 nm 28-element arrays with a bandwidth ( f 3dB ) of 7.6 GHz, maximum wall plug efficiency (WPE max ) of ~12%, and maximum optical output power of L max ~150 mW.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

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Electrically Parallel Three-Element 980 nm VCSEL Arrays with Ternary and Binary Bottom DBR Mirror Layers

Haghighi

Lott

2021

Materials

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To meet the performance goals of fifth generation (5G) and future sixth generation (6G) optical wireless communication (OWC) and sensing systems, we seek to develop low-cost, reliable, compact lasers capable of sourcing 5–20 Gb/s (ideally up to 100 Gb/s by the 2030s) infrared beams across free-space line-of-sight distances of meters to kilometers. Toward this end, we develop small arrays of electrically parallel vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) for possible future use in short-distance (tens of meters) free-space optical communication and sensing applications in, for example, homes, data centers, manufacturing spaces, and backhaul (pole-to-pole or pole-to-building) optical links. As a starting point, we design, grow by metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy, fabricate, test, and analyze 980 nm top-emitting triple VCSEL arrays. Via on-wafer high-frequency probe testing, our arrays exhibit record bandwidths of 20–25 GHz, optical output powers of 20–50 mW, and error-free data transmission at up to 40 Gb/s—all extremely well suited for the intended 5G short-reach OWC and sensing applications. We employ novel p-metal and top mesa inter-VCSEL connectors to form electrically parallel but optically uncoupled (to reduce speckle) arrays with performance exceeding that of single VCSELs with equal total emitting areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Figure13. Extracted bandwidth f 3dB versus static optical output power (L) for a reference 980 nm single VCSEL with φ~16 µm (black circles) and for a 980 nm triple VCSEL array with φ~9 µm (red squares).…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrically Parallel Three-Element 980 nm VCSEL Arrays with Ternary and Binary Bottom DBR Mirror Layers

Haghighi

Lott

2021

Materials

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“…The system was equipped with a diffuser and a reflective surface to shape the output beams from multiple VCSELS into a single pill-box light intensity distribution beam profile. In [6], T. Nakamura et al studied an OWC system based on a high-power 940 nm VCSEL. Dong et al proposed a two-user QAM-OFDMA OWC system using a 940 nm VCSEL array.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-capacity optical wireless VCSEL array transmitter with uniform coverage

Liu

Ali²,

Chen³

et al. 2023

Free-Space Laser Communications XXXV

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Optical wireless communication (OWC) promises high-speed data transmission of multiple Gb/s per user and aggregate capacities beyond Tb/s. To achieve such data rates in an eye-safe environment, we envisage an array of arrays of optical emitters, with each emitter addressing a small atto-cell. To realise this vision, each array emitter must provide uniform illumination of the desired atto-cell while minimising interference to adjacent cells. Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) is an attractive optical emitter for such a design due to their high modulation bandwidth (BW), circular beam waist, low cost and commercial availability of low cost arrays in the near-infrared spectrum. However, available arrays are typically multi-mode devices developed for data communications, often exhibiting a doughnut-shaped beam profile. If used with a simple lens arrangement, the resulting illumination shows non-uniform SNR over the intended atto-cell area and interference into adjacent cells. In this work, a 5×5 VCSEL-array-based OWC multi-beam transmitter using microlens arrays is designed to homogenise each VCSEL output beam intensity at the receiver plane. The performance of the proposed transmitter is verified in simulation and experiments, demonstrating a beam intensity uniformity of up to 90% over a 1 𝑚 2 square area and 25.5 mW/m 2 uniform irradience distribution for each atto-cell area. We demonstrate the data transmission capability of a single array element achieving an 8 Gb/s data rate for a single channel using OOK modulation and Decision Feedback Equalization (DFE) with a Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) over a 3-metre free space link.

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“…Moreover, VCSEL has several advantages over LEDs and edge-emitting sources because of its low divergence, high beam quality, circularly symmetric output beam, low-cost fabrication and packaging, and low power consumption. As light sources, high power VCSELs at the wavelength of 0.85 µm have been developed for free-spaceoptical communication [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ANALYTICAL MODELING OF AlGaAs/GaAs VERTICAL CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASERS (VCSELS) OPERATING AT 850 nm FOR FREE-SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICATION

Tyagi¹,

Singh²

2020

IJEAST

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Analytical modeling of a Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) based on GaAs/AlGaAs material system has been presented in this paper. The VCSEL is expected to emit the laser radiation at 0.85 µm wavelength which may be useful for free-space-optical communication (FSOC) through the available atmospheric window. The different properties of the VCSEL have been simulated analytically. The studies thus developed will provide useful design guidelines for the experimentalists for optimizing their device prototypes.

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High power VCSEL devices for free space optical communications

Cited by 20 publications

References 4 publications

Electrically Parallel Three-Element 980 nm VCSEL Arrays with Ternary and Binary Bottom DBR Mirror Layers

Electrically Parallel Three-Element 980 nm VCSEL Arrays with Ternary and Binary Bottom DBR Mirror Layers

High-capacity optical wireless VCSEL array transmitter with uniform coverage

ANALYTICAL MODELING OF AlGaAs/GaAs VERTICAL CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASERS (VCSELS) OPERATING AT 850 nm FOR FREE-SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICATION

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