“…plastics) processing, biological imaging, gas sensing, and telecommunications; they are also prospective for pumping 2-3 µm holmium doped fiber lasers and bulk solidstate crystals capable of fluorescence and amplifying/lasing at wavelengths >3 µm, supercontinuum generation in the mid-IR region [1,[3][4][5][6][7][8], etc. Furthermore, ∼2.0 µm TDFLs as 'eyesafe' coherent sources spectrally matching the edge of the atmospheric transparency window (⩾2.0 µm) are competitive in applications such as remote sensing, military countermeasures, LIDAR, as well as airborne and spaceborne missions [9][10][11]. Thus, it is understandable why the research towards * Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.…”