High power Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ symmetric full cell for sodium-ion batteries

Abstract

The study details the electrochemical characterization of NVP anodes and symmetric NVP cells in a DME electrolyte for the first time.

Utilization of symmetric electrode materials in energy storage application: A review

“…Na is the fourth abundant element on the earth's crust making it economically feasible for use in large‐scale applications 74,76,77 . A price comparison gives 0.08$/equivalent for Sodium whereas 0.50$/equivalent for Li, 78 and is easily recyclable too 10,79‐82 . While making use of the SIB technology, although it provides the same intercalation chemistry as Li + 82,83 and storage mechanism, 84 the major challenge incurred is the sluggish Na + diffusion caused by a higher ionic radius of Na + (0.98 Å) in contrast with Li + (0.69 Å) 10,72,85,86 leading to large volume changes, low rate capability, and capacity fading during cycling 75,83,85,87 .…”

“…74,76,77 A price comparison gives 0.08$/equivalent for Sodium whereas 0.50$/equivalent for Li, 78 and is easily recyclable too. 10,[79][80][81][82] While making use of the SIB technology, although it provides the same intercalation chemistry as Li +82,83 and storage mechanism, 84 the major challenge incurred is the sluggish Na + diffusion caused by a higher 75,83,85,87 A lot of research is being done to overcome these drawbacks in Na-based batteries. Similar to the interest in Li-ion symmetric systems, different materials in Na-based symmetric systems have been subjected to research.…”

“…NVP with ether based electrolyte. Using an ether-based electrolyte dimethoxyethane (DME), Sadan et al 82 synthesized an NVP symmetric cell. The DME provides for excellent kinetics as compared with organic electrolytes, and the cell in symmetric configuration resulted in a discharge capacity of 20 mAh g À1 even at a very high current density of 50 Ag À1 .…”

Na3V2(PO4)3─A Highly Promising Anode and Cathode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

“…In contrast, the insertion/deinsertion of a single ion is suggested for the electrochemical reaction at 1.7 V. Consequently, the theoretical reversible capacity is only 58.8 mA h/g in the potential region between 3 and 1 V versus Na/Na + . , Besides these reasonable capacity values, the material is also expected to exhibit good rate capability and high stability due to its NASICON-type structure. In the literature, most of these key properties have been experimentally confirmed; however, in many cases, the reported cycling stability was limited. ,− An extremely high cycling stability was recently reported for NVP–Na metal cells , and an NVP–NVP cell with an ether-based electrolyte . Furthermore, NVP–NVP cells have been investigated for all-solid-state SIB. , In this work, we aim to clarify the discrepancies in the reliability of NVP and investigate the origins of degradation by comparing the performance of NVP in various electrolytes and different configurations.…”

“…2,14−17 An extremely high cycling stability was recently reported for NVP−Na metal cells 18,19 and an NVP−NVP cell with an ether-based electrolyte. 20 Furthermore, NVP−NVP cells have been investigated for all-solid-state SIB. 21,22 In this work, we aim to clarify the discrepancies in the reliability of NVP and investigate the origins of degradation by comparing the performance of NVP in various electrolytes and different configurations.…”