High power density supercapacitors using locally aligned carbon nanotube electrodes

Du, Chunsheng; Yeh, Jeff; Pan, Ning

doi:10.1088/0957-4484/16/4/003

Cited by 276 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, the use of a binder in activated carbon electrodes is unavoidable, and this degrades EDLC performance. 9,10 Although many carbon materials made of lignocellulosic resources have been reported, there are very few reports of self-supporting carbon materials suitable for EDLC electrodes. 11,12 Even in these reports, the conventional materials used were several millimeters thick, which lengthened the distance between electrodes and was disadvantageous in terms of EDLC performance.…”

confidence: 99%

Film of lignocellulosic carbon material for self-supporting electrodes in electric double-layer capacitors

Funabashi

Mizuno

Sato³

et al. 2013

APL Materials

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A novel thin, wood-based carbon material with heterogeneous pores, film of lignocellulosic carbon material (FLCM), was successfully fabricated by carbonizing softwood samples of Picea jezoensis (Jezo spruce). Simultaneous increase in the specific surface area of FLCM and its affinity for electrolyte solvents in an electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) were achieved by the vacuum ultraviolet/ozone (VUV/O3) treatment. This treatment increased the specific surface area of FLCM by 50% over that of original FLCM. The results obtained in this study confirmed that FLCM is an appropriate self-supporting EDLC electrode material without any warps and cracks

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confidence: 99%

Film of lignocellulosic carbon material for self-supporting electrodes in electric double-layer capacitors

Funabashi

Mizuno

Sato³

et al. 2013

APL Materials

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“…For this reason, carbon has become the material of choice for many commercial supercapacitors. Among the types of carbon that have been studied in detail are activated carbon (the industry standard) [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], various templated carbons [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], carbon black [24][25][26][27], carbon aerogel [28][29][30][31][32], carbon nanotubes [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46], and graphene [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A universal equivalent circuit for carbon-based supercapacitors

Fletcher

Black

Kirkpatrick

2013

J Solid State Electrochem

132

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A universal equivalent circuit is proposed for carbon-based supercapacitors. The circuit, which actually applies to all porous electrodes having non-branching pores, consists of a single vertical ladder network in series with an RC parallel network. This elegant arrangement explains the three most important shortcomings of present-day supercapacitors, namely open circuit voltage decay, capacitance loss at high frequency, and voltammetric distortion at high scan rate. It also explains the shape of the complex plane impedance plots of commercial devices and reveals why the equivalent series capacitance increases with temperature. Finally, the construction of a solid-state supercapacitor simulator is described. This device is based on a truncated version of the universal equivalent circuit, and it allows experimenters to explore the responses of different supercapacitor designs without having to modify real supercapacitors.

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“…4(b)) from a box-like shape can be explained by the internal resistance and carbon porosity, which result in a current dependence of the potential [4,7]. CV curves give the capacitances as 4 F/g at 25 o C and 6 F/g at 45 o C. Recent reports, based on supercapacitors with CNTs, have presented values of specifi c capacitances close to 20 F/g for liquid electrolyte systems [21,23,32], which indicates that this "solid polymeric device" based on a nanocomposite electrode shows promising characteristics.A specific capacitance value of 17 F/g was . The results obtained in this work are similar to those discussed previously from the point of view of the relationship between specific capacitance and mass of carbonaceous material, with the difference being that all the previous work incorporated high contents of solvents or plasticizers into the polymer electrolyte.…”

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confidence: 97%

Polymeric nanomaterials as electrolyte and electrodes in supercapacitors

et al. 2009

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The energy challenge requires a broad range of options for energy harvesting, storage, and conversion. We have produced polymeric coatings by spraying, to be used as electrolyte and electrodes in a fl exible electrochemical double layer capacitor. A thermoplastic polyurethane and a low molecular weight block copolyether were employed with LiClO 4 to prepare solid polymeric electrolytes. Carbon black (CB) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were dispersed in the polymer blend electrolyte to produce nanostructured composite electrodes. The conductivities increased with the addition of block copolyether and carbon nanotubes to the electrolyte and electrode, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) images of the nanocomposite electrodes showed nanoagglomerates of CB connected by carbon nanotubes. The solid supercapacitor prepared with these new materials as electrolyte and electrodes showed superior performance to other similar systems. The resulting safe and fl exible multilayer device can meet the requirements of modern devices. KEYWORDSPolymeric electrolyte blend, nanocomposite electrode, carbon black, carbon nanotube, supercapacitor Electrochemical capacitors or supercapacitors [1,2], using the electric double layer charge at the electrode/electrolyte interface of a highly porous electrode, can have an important role in new technologies. The properties of supercapacitors complement the defi ciencies of other power sources, such as batteries and fuel cells [3].Nanostructured carbon-based materials have been used in electrodes for electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLC). The relationship between the surface area, total pore volume, average pore size, and the pore size distribution of the materials has a strong infl uence on the electrochemical characteristics of the resulting capacitor [3,4]. In such devices, activated carbons, carbon black or carbon nanotube composites have been employed as electrodes [3 6], mainly with liquid electrolytes [7]. Usually, the electrolytes employed in the electrochemical capacitors are acids, bases or salts dissolved in aqueous or organic solvents. Ionic liquids have also been investigated in supercapacitors [8 10]. The use of corrosive liquid electrolytes may cause dangerous leakages, which decrease the safety and lifetime of the capacitors [11,12]. To reduce problems associated Nano Research 734Nano Res (2009) 2: 733 739 with the management of corrosive ionic conductors, as well as to allow the preparation of thin film cells with high reliability, the use of solid polymer electrolytes (SPE) has been proposed [11, 13 16]. The performance of carbon-based polymer supercapacitors is closely associated with the characteristics of the materials used, such as new carbonaceous and electrolytes. The characteristics of the polymer electrolyte need to be tailored with the goal of increasing conductivity under specific experimental conditions. A degree of matching between the carbonaceous pore size and the microstructural arra...

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High power density supercapacitors using locally aligned carbon nanotube electrodes

Cited by 276 publications

References 21 publications

Film of lignocellulosic carbon material for self-supporting electrodes in electric double-layer capacitors

Film of lignocellulosic carbon material for self-supporting electrodes in electric double-layer capacitors

A universal equivalent circuit for carbon-based supercapacitors

Polymeric nanomaterials as electrolyte and electrodes in supercapacitors

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