High-power and low-RIN lasers for advanced first- and higher order Raman copumping

Bolognini, G.; Faralli, S.; Chiuchiarelli, Andrea; Falconi, Fabio; Pasquale, F. Di

doi:10.1109/lpt.2006.877624

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The overall gain then increased to 32 dB, equivalent to a single stage DRA with a 1 W single counter-pump [8], limited by the power available with our FPL. The double stage pump allows to phase-compensate a link with up to 60 dB losses in a single span with our setup.…”

Section: B Measurements and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first is a depolarized fiber Raman laser (FRL) delivering up to ~800 mW into the fiber (OSNR >50 dB in 0.1 nm resolution bandwidth). The other Fabry-Pérot laser (FPL) depolarized pump is composed of two polarization-multiplexed Fabry-Perot diode lasers at the same wavelength, providing ~260 mW (OSNR ~58 dB in 0.1 nm resolution bandwidth) at the fiber input [8]. The depolarization of the pump laser is mandatory, as the Raman gain is maximum for co-polarized pump and signal, whilst it is minimum when pump and signal are orthogonally polarized.…”

Section: A Optical Instrumentation and Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Distributed Raman Amplification for long-haul optical frequency dissemination

Clivati

Calonico

Levi

et al. 2013

2013 Joint European Frequency and Time Forum &Amp; International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFC)

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Section: B Measurements and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Optical Instrumentation and Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Raman Amplification for long-haul optical frequency dissemination

Clivati

Calonico

Levi

et al. 2013

2013 Joint European Frequency and Time Forum &Amp; International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFC)

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“…The first is a depolarized fiber Raman laser (FRL) delivering up to ∼800 mW into the fiber (OSNR > 50 dB in 0.1 nm resolution bandwidth). The other Fabry−Pérot laser (FPL) depolarized pump is composed of two polarization-multiplexed Fabry−Perot diode lasers, providing ∼260 mW (OSNR ∼58 dB in 0.1 nm resolution bandwidth) at the fiber input [14]. The pump laser depolarization is mandatory, as ROA exhibits a strong polarization-dependent gain (PDG).…”

Section: A Optical Instrumentation and Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distributed Raman Optical Amplification in Phase Coherent Transfer of Optical Frequencies

Clivati

Bolognini²,

Calonico

et al. 2013

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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Received Month X, XXXX; revised Month X, XXXX; accepted Month X, XXXX; posted Month X, XXXX (Doc. ID XXXXX); published Month X, XXXXWe describe the application of Raman Optical-fiber Amplification (ROA) for the phase coherent transfer of optical frequencies in an optical fiber link. ROA uses the transmission fiber itself as a gain medium for bi-directional coherent amplification. In a test setup we evaluated the ROA in terms of on-off gain, signal-to-noise ratio, and phase noise added to the carrier. We transferred a laser frequency in a 200 km optical fiber link with an additional 16 dB fixed attenuator (equivalent to 275 km of fiber on a single span), and evaluated both co-propagating and counter-propagating amplification pump schemes, demonstrating nonlinear effects limiting the co-propagating pump configuration. The frequency at the remote end has a fractional frequency instability of σy(τ) = 3×10−19 over 1000 s with the optical fiber link noise compensation.

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“…In the mean time, more and more shortcomings of EDFA in bandwidth and noise become apparent with the increase of communication capacity. Due to these reasons, FRA becomes a hot research topic, and relevant research papers and patents increase every year [4][5][6] .For the application of FRA in WDM system, a flat gain efficiency coefficient for a broad band of frequency is a desirable feature. When ordinary silica fiber is used as the gain medium, its intrinsic Raman gain coefficient g R is small and fluctuant as shown in Figure 1 [7] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel asymmetrical twin-core photonic crystal fiber for gain-flattened Raman amplifier

Jiang

Xie

Wang

2009

Sci. China Ser. E-Technol. Sci.

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A novel asymmetrical twin-core photonic crystal fiber was proposed, whose effective overlap core area A eff can be designed to synchronize the variation of Raman gain coefficient with respect to frequency. This fiber possesses a higher and flatter Raman gain efficiency coefficient curve r R =g R /A eff over a specified band of wavelength than a conventional fiber. Therefore, it is a good candidate of gain medium for a flat, broad gain band fiber Raman amplifier. It was numerically demonstrated that for the Raman gain efficiency r R , relative fluctuations of less than 2.2% and 5.7% are achievable in the C (1530-1565 nm) band and L (1565-1625 nm) band, respectively.Raman gain, photonic crystal fiber, effective overlap core area, Raman amplifierIn fiber optical communication, fiber losses damp the optical pulses so that pulse error rate increases with distance. This puts an ultimate limit on the un-relayed communication distance of the system. Currently, the fiber loss rate has almost reached its theoretical limit. Without a revolutionary breakthrough in fabrication technology, further reduction in fiber loss is very difficult. Therefore, attention is turned to optical amplifier for help. Optical amplifier is an important active device in modern fiber communication system to compensate for transmission loss. Among the various types of optical amplifiers, fiber Raman amplifier (FRA) is one of the key active elements in WDM fiber communication system because of its good noise performance, flexible gain band, and broad band of amplification [1][2][3] . In recent years, the fabrication technology of pump laser for FRA matures quickly. In the mean time, more and more shortcomings of EDFA in bandwidth and noise become apparent with the increase of communication capacity. Due to these reasons, FRA becomes a hot research topic, and relevant research papers and patents increase every year [4][5][6] .For the application of FRA in WDM system, a flat gain efficiency coefficient for a broad band of frequency is a desirable feature. When ordinary silica fiber is used as the gain medium, its intrinsic Raman gain coefficient g R is small and fluctuant as shown in Figure 1 [7] . In its usable frequency band, the effective overlap core area A eff is almost a constant, therefore, the resulting Raman gain efficiency coefficient r R =g R /A eff varies significantly with frequency. One way to overcome this demerit is to use multiple sources to pump simultaneously at different frequencies so that a flat gain spectrum can be resulted. However, such arrangement has drawbacks such as higher cost and lower reliability, because it significantly increases the complexity of the amplifier. A comprehensive design strategy is needed to carefully allocate the power level and wavelength of the multiple pumps, and to take care of the interactions between the sources [8][9][10][11][12][13] . In order to avoid the above mentioned difficulties, a novel asymmetrical twin-core photonic crystal fiber (ATC-PCF) was proposed as the gain medium in this work. ...

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High-power and low-RIN lasers for advanced first- and higher order Raman copumping

Cited by 28 publications

References 7 publications

Distributed Raman Amplification for long-haul optical frequency dissemination

Distributed Raman Amplification for long-haul optical frequency dissemination

Distributed Raman Optical Amplification in Phase Coherent Transfer of Optical Frequencies

Novel asymmetrical twin-core photonic crystal fiber for gain-flattened Raman amplifier

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