High potassium intake blunts the effect of elevated sodium intake on blood pressure levels

Rodrigues, Sérgio Lamêgo; Baldo, Marcelo Perim; Machado, Rebeca Caldeira; Forechi, Ludimila; Molina, Maria del Carmen Bisi; Mill, José Geraldo

doi:10.1016/j.jash.2014.01.001

Cited by 62 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The impact of salt consumption on blood pressure of the study participants was described in another publication 30 . It is possible to observe that the current consumption seems to be decreasing in relation to previous studies conducted in the same population of Vitória 10,27,28 . However, this finding should be carefully analyzed, because the method for urine collection was different in previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

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Estudo de validação das equações de Tanaka e de Kawasaki para estimar a excreção diária de sódio através da coleta da urina casual

Mill

Rodrigues

Baldo

et al. 2015

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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ABSTRACT:Objective: To validate Tanaka and Kawasaki's formulas to calculate the salt intake by the sodium/creatinine ratio in spot of urine. Methods: Two hundred and seventy two adults (20 -69 years old; 52.6% women) with 24 h urine collection and two urinary spots collected on the same day (while fastingspot 1 -or not fasting -spot 2). Anthropometry, blood pressure and fasting blood were measured on the same day. The analysis of agreement between salt consumption measured in the 24 h urine test and urinary spots were determined by the Pearson's correlation (r) and the Bland & Altman method. Results: The mean salt consumption measured by the 24 h sodium excretion was 10.4 ± 5.3 g/day. The correlation between the measured 24 h sodium excretion and the estimation based on spots 1 and 2, respectively, was only moderated according to Tanaka (r = 0.51 and r = 0.55; p < 0.001) and to Kawasaki (r = 0.52 and r = 0.54; p < 0.001). We observed an increasing underestimation of salt consumption by Tanaka to increasing salt consumption and conversely, an overestimation of consumption by the Kawasaki formula. The estimation of salt consumption (difference between measured and calculated salt consumption lower than 1 g/day) was adequate only when the consumption was between 9 -12 g/day (Tanaka) and 12 -18 g/day (Kawasaki). Conclusion: Spot urine sampling is adequate to estimate salt consumption only among individuals with an actual consumption near the population mean.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…The sample used can be considered to be representative of the adult population in Vitória based in other studies [26][27][28] . The initial loss (n = 66) happened because the 24-hour urine collection was not conducted properly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estudo de validação das equações de Tanaka e de Kawasaki para estimar a excreção diária de sódio através da coleta da urina casual

Mill

Rodrigues

Baldo

et al. 2015

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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“…Recently, it has been reported that high intake of sodium is not associated with higher BP in people who have an increased intake of potassium [27]. Our results showed that Na/k ratio was 4 times higher in this sample than what is recommended by WHO [28] which could mean a higher cardiovascular risk for this population.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 45%

Estimation of the Daily Salt Intake by 24-Hour Urinary Sodium Excretion in Morocco: A Pilot Study

Derouiche

Elkardi

Mohtadi

et al. 2016

Preprint

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Introduction:Hypertension is a serious public health problem in Morocco. The objective of this pilot study was to estimate the salt intake of Moroccan adults by measuring 24-hour urinary sodium excretion. Methods: 132 participants were recruited from the central region of Morocco.Sodium, potassium and creatinine levels were measured using the 24-hour urine samples.Additional data included anthropometric measurements and socio-demographic questionnaire. Results:The daily sodium, potassium and creatinine excretions were 2779.1±1334.9 mg, 1350.0±642.8 mg and 820.3 ± 381.2 mg, respectively. Data analysis revealed that 71.2% of the participants had a daily sodium intake more than 2000 mg (5g of salt) recommended by the WHO. The mean of potassium excretion was 1350.0±642.8 mg /day, this average was lower than 3.51g per day recommended by the WHO. Conclusion: Public health measures to reduce sodium and increase potassium consumption in order to decrease the population's risk of high blood pressure and heart disease are recommended.

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“…Among Brazilians from Vitória -ES, considering all ages, 87.7% did not reach the recommended value of 4700 mg/day. 32 Potassium plays an essential role in normal cell function. Hypokalemia occurs when the blood concentration of the mineral is less than 3.5mmol/L and may be a cause of cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, and glucose intolerance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral Intake and Blood Pressure Control of Brazilian Elderly

Araújo¹

2017

MOJGG

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Abbreviations: NCD, chronic noncommunicable diseases;EAR, estimated average requirement; AI, adequate intake; UL, maximum tolerable upper intake level; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure IntroductionBrazil is going through a demographic transition which results in the rapid aging of the population.1,2 The Brazilian population with more than 80 years, was approximately 731,350 inhabitants in year 2000, and increased to 1,133,223 in 2010. 3 Changes due to aging make people more vulnerable to disease development, with an emphasis on chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). 4 The current food pattern also contributes to the increased incidence of NCDs. The growth in the consumption of ultraprocessed foods results in a greater intake of calories, fats, sugars and sodium, nutrients closely related to diseases such as obesity and hypertension. 5Micronutrient intake among Brazilian elderly is far from the recommended values, in consequence of the low variety of foods in the diet 6 and low consumption of fruits and vegetables. 5 The Brazilian population consumes approximately a quarter of the value recommended by the Brazilian Food Guide 7 for these foods. 8 Although necessary in relatively small amounts, minerals are involved in the regulation of physiological processes, such as reproduction, immune response, metabolism and neural functions. Minerals must be obtained through food and inadequate consumption can lead to serious damage to health, increasing morbidity and mortality. High sodium intake has a correlation with NCDs, including hypertension, 10 which is one of the most prevalent diseases among the elderly.11,12 Inadequate intake of calcium and potassium may also contribute to the elevation of pressure levels.13-15 Among Brazilians aged 75 or over, the proportion of hypertensive patients is 55%. 16,17 As for iron deficiency, in addition to causing anemia, it can still lead to a decrease in cognitive abilities in the elderly. 18 Individuals with reduced cognitive abilities may have lower adherence to medications, including antihypertensive drugs. 19 The aim of this study was to investigate the consumption of minerals by very elderly hypertensive individuals, in outpatient follow-up. Materials and methodsThe study target population consisted of patients aged 80 and over who were under regular treatment at a public reference center for the treatment of hypertension. A specific questionnaire was applied for the collection of sociodemographic and lifestyle data. The dietary intake of iron, sodium, calcium and potassium was evaluated by calculating three 24-hour recall, collected on non-consecutive days, including one weekend with Dietwin software professional version. The mineral content of the diet was analyzed according to the recommendations of the Institute of Medicine (IOM). To estimate the prevalence of inadequacy in mineral consumption, the estimated average requirement (EAR) values were taken into account. 20,21 In the case of potassium, where there is no established EAR, the adequat...

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High potassium intake blunts the effect of elevated sodium intake on blood pressure levels

Cited by 62 publications

References 37 publications

Estudo de validação das equações de Tanaka e de Kawasaki para estimar a excreção diária de sódio através da coleta da urina casual

Estudo de validação das equações de Tanaka e de Kawasaki para estimar a excreção diária de sódio através da coleta da urina casual

Estimation of the Daily Salt Intake by 24-Hour Urinary Sodium Excretion in Morocco: A Pilot Study

Mineral Intake and Blood Pressure Control of Brazilian Elderly

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