High phylogenetic diversity of<i>Gallibacterium anatis</i>is correlated with low biosecurity measures and management practices on poultry farms

Lozica, Liča; Kazazić, Snježana; Gottstein, Željko

doi:10.1080/03079457.2020.1765970

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…G. anatis is associated mainly with severe economic losses in the poultry industry. 20,31,32 G. anatis is frequently retrieved from the genital and respiratory tracts of diseased poultry suffering from severe pathological lesions. 33 In the present study, the bacteriological examination proved that the prevalence of G. anatis was 25% in the examined diseased layer chickens, where the lung and trachea are the most predominant infected organs.…”

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sequence Analysis, Antibiogram Profile, Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of XDR and MDR Gallibacterium anatis Isolated from Layer Chickens in Egypt

Algammal¹,

Hashem²,

Alfifi³

et al. 2022

IDR

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Background Gallibacterium anatis is incriminated frequently in severe economic losses and mortalities in the poultry industry. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of G. anatis in layer chickens, sequence analysis, the antibiogram profiles, and PCR screening of virulence determinants and antibiotic resistance genes. Methods Accordingly, 300 samples (tracheal swabs, ovary and oviduct, and lung) were randomly collected from 100 diseased layer chickens from private commercial layer farms at Elsharkia Governorate, Egypt. The bacteriological examination was carried out. The retrieved isolates were tested for 16S rRNA-23S rRNA gene sequencing, antibiogram profiling, PCR screening of virulence ( gtx A, fif A, and gyr B), and antibiotic resistance genes ( bla ROB , aph A1, tet B, and tet H). Results The prevalence of G. anatis was 25% in the examined diseased layer chickens. The sequence analyses emphasized that the tested strains derived from a common ancestor and exhibited a notable genetic similarity with other G. anatis strains from USA, China, and Denmark. The isolated G. anatis strains were highly resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, oxytetracycline, penicillin, ampicillin, kanamycin, neomycin, and erythromycin. The PCR revealed that the retrieved G. anatis strains carried gtx A, gyr B, and fif A virulence genes with a prevalence of 100%, 100%, and 38.3%, respectively. Approximately 30.1% of the retrieved G. anatis isolates were XDR to six antimicrobial classes and harbored bla ROB , aph A1, and tet B resistance genes. Moreover, 20.5% of the isolated G. anatis strains were MDR to three different classes and carried bla ROB and tet H resistance genes. Conclusion Briefly, this study emphasized the existence of XDR and MDR G. anatis strains in poultry. Florfenicol and norfloxacin displayed a promising antimicrobial effect against the emerging XDR and MDR G. anatis in poultry. The emergence of XDR and MDR G. anatis is considered a public health alarm.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence Analysis, Antibiogram Profile, Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of XDR and MDR Gallibacterium anatis Isolated from Layer Chickens in Egypt

Algammal¹,

Hashem²,

Alfifi³

et al. 2022

IDR

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“…The findings showed significant variability among isolates from farms with poor biosecurity standards and those with greater biosecurity standards (more closely linked and grouped). Low biosecurity standards allow viruses to spread horizontally, and gene transfer creates genetic diversity (Lozica et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adopting effective biosecurity measures, “all in-all out,” in poultry farms prevents the horizontal transmission of G. anatis , the gene transfer, and consequently, the heterogeneity or the diversity of this pathogen (Lozica et al 2020 ). Treatment of a mixed infection with other bacteria using a specific drug, controlling of other immunosuppressive agents, and amelioration of stress conditions are the must to prevent or control G. anatis infection (Mataried 2016 ; Paudel et al 2017a , b ; Abd El-Hamid et al 2018 ).…”

Section: Prevention and Control Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gallibacterium anatis infection in poultry: a comprehensive review

Abd El-Ghany,

Algammal,

Hetta

et al. 2023

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Gallibacterium anatis (G. anatis), a member of the Pasteurellaceae family, normally inhabits the upper respiratory and lower genital tracts of poultry. However, under certain circumstances of immunosuppression, co-infection (especially with Escherichia coli or Mycoplasma), or various stressors, G. anatis caused respiratory, reproductive, and systemic diseases. Infection with G. anatis has emerged in different countries worldwide. The bacterium affects mainly chickens; however, other species of domestic and wild birds may get infected. Horizontal, vertical, and venereal routes of G. anatis infection have been reported. The pathogenicity of G. anatis is principally related to the presence of some essential virulence factors such as Gallibacterium toxin A, fimbriae, haemagglutinin, outer membrane vesicles, capsule, biofilms, and protease. The clinical picture of G. anatis infection is mainly represented as tracheitis, oophoritis, salpingitis, and peritonitis, while other lesions may be noted in cases of concomitant infection. Control of such infection depends mainly on applying biosecurity measures and vaccination. The antimicrobial sensitivity test is necessary for the correct treatment of G. anatis. However, the development of multiple drug resistance is common. This review article sheds light on G. anatis regarding history, susceptibility, dissemination, virulence factors, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis, and control measures.

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“…Both molecular methods and proteomics are suited to determine phylogenetic relationships of isolates [112,115,116]. This feature proved of value in surveillance programs as shown for Campylobacter and Salmonella spp.…”

Section: Bacteriologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosing Infectious Diseases in Poultry Requires a Holistic Approach: A Review

Liebhart

Bilić

Grafl

et al. 2023

Poultry

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Controlling infectious diseases is vital for poultry health and diagnostic methods are an indispensable feature to resolve disease etiologies and the impact of infectious agents on the host. Although the basic principles of disease diagnostics have not changed, the spectrum of poultry diseases constantly expanded, with the identification of new pathogens and improved knowledge on epidemiology and disease pathogenesis. In parallel, new technologies have been devised to identify and characterize infectious agents, but classical methods remain crucial, especially the isolation of pathogens and their further characterization in functional assays and studies. This review aims to highlight certain aspects of diagnosing infectious poultry pathogens, from the farm via the diagnostic laboratory and back, in order to close the circle. By this, the current knowledge will be summarized and future developments will be discussed in the context of applied state-of-the-art techniques. Overall, a common challenge is the increasing demand for infrastructure, skills and expertise. Divided into separate chapters, reflecting different disciplines, daily work implies the need to closely link technologies and human expertise in order to improve bird health, the production economy and to implement future intervention strategies for disease prevention.

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High phylogenetic diversity ofGallibacterium anatisis correlated with low biosecurity measures and management practices on poultry farms

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Sequence Analysis, Antibiogram Profile, Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of XDR and MDR Gallibacterium anatis Isolated from Layer Chickens in Egypt

Sequence Analysis, Antibiogram Profile, Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Genes of XDR and MDR Gallibacterium anatis Isolated from Layer Chickens in Egypt

Gallibacterium anatis infection in poultry: a comprehensive review

Diagnosing Infectious Diseases in Poultry Requires a Holistic Approach: A Review

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