High-Performing Mesoporous Iron Oxalate Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

Mesoporous iron oxalate (FeC(2)O(4)) with two distinct morphologies, i.e., cocoon and rod, has been synthesized via a simple, scalable chimie douce precipitation method. The solvent plays a key role in determining the morphology and microstructure of iron oxalate, which are studied by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Crystallographic characterization of the materials has been carried out by X-ray diffraction and confirmed phase-pure FeC(2)O(4)·2H(2)O formation. The critical dehydration process of FeC(2)O(4)·2H(2)O resulted in anhydrous FeC(2)O(4), and its thermal properties are studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The electrochemical properties of anhydrous FeC(2)O(4) in Li/FeC(2)O(4) cells are evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The studies showed that the initial discharge capacities of anhydrous FeC(2)O(4) cocoons and rods are 1288 and 1326 mA h g(-1), respectively, at 1C rate. Anhydrous FeC(2)O(4) cocoons exhibited stable capacity even at high C rates (11C). The electrochemical performance of anhydrous FeC(2)O(4) is found to be greatly influenced by the number of accessible reaction sites, morphology, and size effects.

Preparation and characterization of basic carbonates as novel anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

“…The typical XRD patterns of (PbCO 3 ) 2 Á Pb(OH) 2 , CuCO 3 Á Cu(OH) 2 (Fig. 2a) is mainly composed of granules and slabs with the particle size of 200-800 nm.…”

“…In this work, NiCO 3 Á 2Ni(OH) 2 Á 4H 2 O, (PbCO 3 ) 2 Á Pb(OH) 2 and CuCO 3 Á Cu(OH) 2 were prepared by a co-precipitation method using NiSO 4 Á 6H 2 O, Pb(NO 3 ) 2 , CuSO 4 Á 5H 2 O as raw materials and Na 2 CO 3 Á 10H 2 O as precipitant. All the chemical reagents were analytical grade and obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. in China.…”

“…As the anode material in lithium-ion batteries, carbon-based materials such as artificial graphite are usually used as the standard electrodes in the present day due to their good electronic conductivity and low volume change during the lithiation and delithiation process [1]. Nevertheless, their poor rate performance (low Li ion diffusion coefficient), serious safety issue (low Li ion insertion potential), and their low capacity (theoretical capacity of graphite is 372 mAh g À 1 ) cannot make the carbon-based anode materials match the demand of the progressive modern industry [2,3]. Consequently, many substitution materials have been exploited.…”

Nickel oxalate dihydrate nanorods attached to reduced graphene oxide sheets as a high-capacity anode for rechargeable lithium batteries

“…Their products included metal-like nanoparticles ranging from 5 to 10 nm in diameter, indicating that the second hydrothermal reaction with their homemade FGO resulted in structural and morphological changes. The similarity in the crystal structure that showed the two crystal systems was also observed in FeC 2 O 4 ·2H 2 O, 39 which was synthesized at room temperature and consecutive drying at 60°C. This highlights the advantage of the present SA-LBL process because the reaction was carried out at room temperature.…”

High-performance of sodium carboxylate-derived materials for electrochemical energy storage

“…Some organic compounds [14][15][16][17] with special structures, such as conductive polymers, sulfur and nitrogen compounds, as well as carbonyl conjugated compounds, have been designed, and their energy storage performances and electrochemical reaction mechanisms have been investigated, offering new concepts in this area. Among them, organic carbonyl salts [18][19][20] have the advantages of structural diversity, high capacity, and fast redox reaction kinetics due to their large conjugated systems and multiple carbonyl functional groups, which is of broader concern in their roles as emerging electrochemical energy-storage materials.…”