High-Performance Three-Dimensional Spongin–Atacamite Biocomposite for Electrochemical Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensing

Abstract

The design of sensitive and cost-effective biocomposite materials with high catalytic activity for the effective electrooxidation of glucose plays a key role in developing enzyme-free glucose sensors. The porous three-dimensional (3D) spongin scaffold of marine sponge origin provides an excellent template for the growth of atacamite crystals and improves the activity of atacamite as a catalyst. By using the design of experiment method, the influence of different parameters on the electrode efficiency was optimized. The optimized sensor based on spongin–atacamite showed distinguished performance toward glucose with two linear ranges of 0.4–200 μM and 0.2–10 mM and high sensitivities of 3908.4 and 600.5 μA mM–1 cm–2, respectively. Importantly, the designed sensor exhibited strong selectivity and favorable stability, reproducibility, and repeatability. The performance in the real application was estimated by glucose detection in spiked human blood serum samples, which verified its great potential as a reliable platform for enzyme-free glucose sensing.

Electrochemical Sensing Based on Nanofibers Modified Electrodes for Application in Diagnostic, Food and Waste Water Samples

“…The catalytic activity of metal, metal oxide and carbon nanomaterials and their composites towards the electrooxidation of glucose has been investigated in numerous research works. However, the resulting non‐enzymatic sensors generally exhibit low sensitivity and selectivity due to the lower oxidation rate of glucose, simultaneous oxidation of interferents in the same working range, adsorption of intermediates due to irreversible oxidation on the electrode surface as well as limited surface area for adsorption of glucose [23c] . Electrospun composite NFs based on metal/metal oxide NPs [24] and also based on carbon nanomaterials [25] overcome the challenges for non‐enzymatic Glc detection by providing a large surface area, the facilitation of electron transport and increasing selectivity [26]…”

Simultaneous Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine and Tryptophan Using 3D Goethite–Spongin Composites

“…Renewable biopolymers, such as spongin, which is the primary protein-based component of the cultivated bath sponges skeletons, are increasingly gaining attention in the field of advanced biomaterials science [ 44 , 45 ]. Up to date, spongin-based naturally occurring 3D scaffolds [ 46 ] have been successfully employed in extreme biomimetic [ 47 ], including for carbonization [ 48 ], for the development of new metal oxide [ 49 , 50 , 51 ], and mineral composite materials [ 52 , 53 , 54 ], electrocatalysts [ 55 , 56 ], and as an effective substrate for enzyme immobilization [ 57 ]. In our recent studies, using biomimetic approach, we have developed electrochemical sensors for DA detection based on lepidocrocite- [ 53 ] and goethite- [ 54 ] containing 3D spongin scaffolds.…”

Spongin as a Unique 3D Template for the Development of Functional Iron-Based Composites Using Biomimetic Approach In Vitro

“…Such a composition gives this marine biomaterial special resistance to a wide range of acids and enzymes as well as specific structural and mechanical features [ 13 ]. Consequently, there are numerous fields of spongin’s applications in the form of ready-to-use scaffolds, including tissue engineering and biomedicine [ 14 ], as well as bioinspired material science [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”