High-performance thin-layer chromatographic analysis of the phenolic acid and flavonoid content of Croatian propolis samples

Comprehensive Study of Mediterranean (Croatian) Propolis Peculiarity: Headspace, Volatiles, Anti‐Varroa‐Treatment Residue, Phenolics, and Antioxidant Properties

“…Ap recise comparisono ft he present resultsw ith available literature data on Croatian propolis was not possible,d ue to the different mode of extraction and data presentationu sed [20] [21].T he ferric ion reducinga ntioxidant power (FRAP) of the EtOH extract of ap ropolis mixture from different continental areas in Croatia was reported to be 1.6mmolT EAC/l [21].T he TP amount obtainedi nt he presents tudy expressed on the basis of the dry propolis residue rangedf rom 123.7 to 402.7 mg/g (data not shown), which was comparable to reported …”

“…However, there were no correlations among the above-mentioned compounds and CAPE, which is an ester of the biosynthetically relatedc affeica cid. The comparison with others tudies was not simple,d ue to different extraction procedures and data-expression modes used [20] [21].However,among the phenolics in the EtOH extractofaCroatian propolis mixture,chrysin was the most abundant compound (2478.5 mg/g propolis), followed by pinocembrin (2069.1 mg/g propolis)a nd galangin (1441.6 mg/g propolis). Propolis differences among various regions of Croatia were predominantly of quantitative nature [17].…”

1H‐NMR Simultaneous Identification of Health‐Relevant Compounds in Propolis Extracts

“…These properties explain the renewed interest in recent years concerning the characterisation of the phenolic fraction of propolis. The analysis of flavonoids and phenolic acids in propolis can be performed by colorimetric methods (Kosalec et al , ; Popova et al , ), thin‐layer chromatography (Cvek et al , ), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Marquez Hernandez et al , ), high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (Medana et al , ; Falcao et al , ). Although chromatographic techniques, in combination with mass spectrometry, provide detailed and accurate information for identification and quantification of flavonoids in propolis, these methods usually need complex and time‐consuming approaches.…”

Insight on Propolis from Mediterranean Countries: Chemical Composition, Biological Activities and Application Fields

“…It was found that the main flavonoids found were pinocembrin (3), pinobanksin (1), pinobanksin-3-O-acetate (4), chrysin (2), quercetin (26), kaempferol (25) pinocembrin-7-methyl ether (27) and galangin (9) (Figure 1), while benzoic (28), ferulic (7), caffeic (5), 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic (29), cinnamic (21) acids were the most abundant phenolic acids. [54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] However, other authors demonstrated that Croatian propolis contain phenolic acid esters such as CAPE (8), benzyl caffeate (12), benzyl coumarate (30) and cinnamic acid esters. [64 -66] On the another hand, Sobočanec et al [67] have reported the presence of flavonoids only in propolis samples from Continental Croatia.…”