High-performance surface plasmon resonance fiber sensor based on cylindrical vector modes

Abstract

Cylindrical vector modes with azimuthal polarization and low transmission loss are proposed for the first time to be utilized in a novel design of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on a circular photonic crystal fiber (C-PCF). A C-PCF with a ring of air holes in the cladding is designed where a gold layer with a thickness of 44 nm is coated on the outer cladding surface. The optimal geometric parameters are determined using the finite-element method (FEM) for a high-quality TE01 mode and high sensitivity of the sensor. The proposed SPR sensor shows high sensitivity for analyte refractive index (RI) ranging from na = 1.29 to 1.34 over the wavelength range of 1400–2000 nm. It is expected that the proposed sensor can sense low concentrations of hemoglobin, lymphocytes and monocytes of red and white blood cells which are effective in diagnosing the progress of cancer tumors. The maximum sensitivity of 13,800 nm/RIU is obtained in the refractive index environment of 1.33–1.34. The sensor resolution is of the order of 10−6 and the amplitude sensitivity reaches its maximum of 2380 RIU−1 at na = 1.30 which is the highest value ever reported. Our proposed sensor shows high sensitivity and simultaneously simple design with high performance.

Numerical Analysis of Solid-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Based on Plasmonic Materials for Analyte Refractive Index Sensing

“…Another meaningful feature is the resolution (R) of the sensor, which is applied to identify the minor variation of analyte RI. The resolution of a sensor can be determined by the following equation [35].…”

Vector Beams with Only Transverse Intensity at Focus

“…Im(E * × E), (6) where ω is the angular frequency of the light (the constant 1/(8πω) will be then omitted), sign "*" means complex conjugation. It should be noted that the spin angular momentum ( 6) is opposite, and differs in absolute value only by a factor from the magnetization vector:…”

“…It is azimuthally polarized light that turned out to be the most suitable for the excitation of Mie resonances in the oligomers under study: generation was improved by two orders of magnitude compared to using linear polarization. In [6], a fiber-optic sensor was proposed in which the azimuthally polarized mode propagated as the fundamental mode.…”

Temperature-Compensated Solution Concentration Measurements Using Photonic Crystal Fiber-Tip Sensors

“…An in-line monitoring of ethanol concentration has obvious advantages in terms of cost and real-time data availability over offline solutions [ 4 , 6 ]. Multiple FOS-based approaches for the measurement of ethanol concentrations have been proposed in the last few years, such as evanescent wave-based sensors [ 8 , 9 , 10 ], fiber Bragg and long period gratings [ 6 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], tapered FOS [ 7 ], plasmonic sensors [ 14 , 15 ] and special fiber-based sensors [ 16 ]. Regardless of the advantages and disadvantages of each sensor, in general, temperature cross-sensitivity represents a significant issue [ 4 ].…”