High-performance Sn–Ni alloy nanorod electrodes prepared by electrodeposition for lithium ion rechargeable batteries

Abstract

To reduce irreversible capacity and improve cycle performance of tin used in lithium ion batteries, Sn-Ni alloy nanorod electrodes with different Sn/Ni ratios were prepared by an anodic aluminum oxide template-assisted electrodeposition method. The structural and electrochemical performance of the electrode were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling measurement. The results showed that the copper substrate is covered with uniformly distributed Sn-Ni alloy nanorods with an average diameter of 250 nm. Different phases (Sn, Ni 3 Sn 4 and metastable phases) of alloy nanorod formed in the electrodeposition baths with different compositions of Sn 2? and Ni 2? ions. Sn-Ni alloy nanorod electrode delivered excellent capacity retention and rate performance.

Electroless plating of a Sn–Ni/graphite sheet composite with improved cyclability as an anode material for lithium ion batteries

“…3,16 However, its signicant volume expansion (200-300%) during cycles results in a reduction in specic capacity and cycle performance degradation, which limits its large-scale application in LIBs. [17][18][19][20] A typical strategy to overcome these shortcomings is to introduce an active or inert element that acts as a "buffer" to accommodate the large volume change during cycling. Researchers have shown that dispersing a Sn-based material in a carbon matrix is an effective way to form a stable Sn alloy or composite material to mitigate the volume effects of Sn and improve the cycling performance.…”

One-Step Electrochemical Growth of a Three-Dimensional Sn–Ni@PEO Nanotube Array as a High Performance Lithium-Ion Battery Anode

“…7, 0.57 and 0.45 V in charge curves, which are associated with the lithiation and delithiation processes of LixSn. 24 The electrochemical plateau above 0.75V during the first cycle should be closely ascribed to the formation of SEI layer in the first cycle, which couldn't be avoided in the electrochemical cycling.The potential plateaus between 0.4 V and 0.7 V can be mainly ascribed to Sn alloying with Li to form LixSn (x<2.33), and the reactions below 0.3 V can be assigned to the further formation of LiySn (3.5<y<4.4) from LixSn (x<2.33). For pure Sn, its reaction with lithium is solid-solution (insertion) reaction.…”

Sn‐based Intermetallic Compounds for Li‐ion Batteries: Structures, Lithiation Mechanism, and Electrochemical Performances

“…They found that the electrochemical performance of Cu‐Sn alloy was influenced by its particle size, and the alloy with particle size of 50–60 nm presented the best cycle stability, showing a reversible discharge capacity of 300 mAh g −1 . High‐performance Sn‐Ni alloy nanorods were prepared by electrodeposition route, which showed excellent capacity retention and rate capability compared with the planar electrode . In comparison with the nanorod, Wang et al.…”

“…In addition, Ni 3 Sn 4 alloy nanorod electrodes with a diameter of ~250 nm were prepared directly on the Cu current collector by a template‐assisted route. This Ni 3 Sn 4 alloy nanorod delivered good cycle stability and rate capability compared with pure Sn nanorods . Carbon supported Ni 3 Sn 4 alloy anodes were also fabricated to improve the cycle stability of the pure Ni 3 Sn 4 alloy anode .…”