High-performance size exclusion chromatography of low-molecular-weight lignins and model compounds

Characterization and analysis of the molecular weight of lignin for biorefining studies

“…GPC, also known as size exclusion chromatography (SEC), separates derivatized or underivatized lignins based on molecular size in order to determine its relative molecular weight . Universal calibration and broad standard calibration offer two means of molecular weight determination using GPC …”

Some Aspects of Lignin Characterization by High Performance Size Exclusion Chromatography Using Styrene Divinylbenzene Copolymer Gels

“…Calibrations were performed ^ith narrow MWD polystyrene Standards (Beckman/Altex) ( */ £ l .02) in the 575 to 3,100,000 molecular weight ränge; Igepal polymers (Aldrich Chemical Co.) H, 9 Qrp-C 6 H 4 O(C 2 H 4 O) n CiH4OH, in the 300-4600 molecular weight ränge, and several lignin model compounds (see Himmel et al 1983).…”

Characterization of TCF Effluents from Kraft Pulp Bleaching. I. Fractionation of Hardwood Lignin-Derived Material by GPC and UF

“…Great efforts have been made to select proper standards for the calibration of GPC systems, and close attention has been paid to non-size-exclusion effects (Barth 1980;Sarkanen et al 1981;1982;Barth and Boyes 1990). Polystyrene (PS) standards have been used for calibration in GPC experiments (Faix et al 1980;Concin et al 1980Concin et al , 1981Himmel et al 1983Himmel et al , 1990Gellerstedt and Lindfors 1984;Pellinen and Salkinoja-Salonen 1985;Wagner et al 1986). Materials more closely resembling lignin would make better calibration standards, but at present no pure and structurally verified lignin model compounds with molecular weights higher than about l,000gmol" 1 are available.…”

“…Materials more closely resembling lignin would make better calibration standards, but at present no pure and structurally verified lignin model compounds with molecular weights higher than about l,000gmol" 1 are available. To get more accurate results these low-molecularweight model compounds have been used together with various kraft lignins (Kondo and McCarthy 1985), poly(styrenesulphonates) (Sarkanen et al 1982), and PS standards (Concin et al 1980(Concin et al , 1981Himmel et al 1983). Only limited GPC data have been reported characterizing the lignin material dissolved during TCP bleaching (Gellerstedt and Lindfors 1987;Kaneko et al 1980;Kringstad et al 1981;Lindholm and Vilpponen 1991;Bergbauer and Eggert 1992).…”