High-Performance PVC Gel for Adaptive Micro-Lenses with Variable Focal Length

Bae, Jin-Woo; Shin, Eun Ju; Jeong, Jaeu; Choi, Dong-Soo; Lee, Jong Eun; Nam, Byeong Uk; Liu, Lin; Kim, Sang-Youn

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-02324-9

Cited by 56 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The given results showed that with the addition of ionic liquid contents, the stress and strain were enhanced and directed that these gels are highly flexible and suitable for the actuator applications. 25…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Of Plasticized Pvc and Pvc/il Gelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic liquids enhanced performance of PVC gels actuator

Ali

Latif

Hussain

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Stimulated devices are highly demanded for actuators and artificial muscles in the recent era but susceptible to low deformation at an applied voltage. In the present work, ionic liquids (ILs) based gel films were prepared from the polyvinyl chloride (PVC), dibutyl adipate (DBA), 1-butyl, 3-methimidazolium chloride, and 1-pentyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate by a simple solvent evaporation method. The structural, morphological, optical, and mechanical properties of the composite PVC/ILs gel were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Large Angle X-ray scattering (LAXS), UV-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron micrpscopy (SEM) and elemental mapping. We found that the displacement of plasticized PVC gels-based actuator was 0.1 mm with the response time of 0.33 s at an induced voltage of 1000 V. The loading of 0.02% of IL (fluorides) with PVC gel showed maximum deformation of 0.16 mm with a relatively rapid response time of 0.2 s. These high deformation and response time values of IL fluoride-based gels are dramatically higher than reported PVC gels. Likewise, the loading of IL fluorides in the PVC gel showed a high elongation value at the break of about 377%. This work suggests that the flexible gel based on IL fluorides and PVC could be a potential candidate for the fabrication of highperformance artificial muscles and tunable soft actuators.

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Section: Mechanical Properties Of Plasticized Pvc and Pvc/il Gelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic liquids enhanced performance of PVC gels actuator

Ali

Latif

Hussain

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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show abstract

“…PVC gel actuators exhibit large amounts of deformation and a wide range of motions that can be achieved by creating appropriate boundary conditions for the actuators, allowing the creeping motion to be utilized for different mechanisms (bending, contracting, etc.) 19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-performance polyvinyl chloride gel artificial muscle actuator with graphene oxide and plasticizer

Hwang

Frank

Neubauer

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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A transparent and electroactive plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gel was investigated to use as a soft actuator for artificial muscle applications. PVC gels were prepared with varying plasticizer (dibutyl adipate, DBA) content. The prepared PVC gels were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The DBA content in the PVC gel was shown to have an inverse relationship with both the storage and loss modulus. The electromechanical performance of PVC gels was demonstrated for both single-layer and stacked multi-layer actuators. When voltage was applied to a single-layer actuator and then increased, the maximum displacement of PVC gels (for PVC/DBA ratios of 1:4, 1:6, and 1:8) was increased from 105.19, 123.67, and 135.55 µm (at 0.5 kV) to 140.93, 157.13, and 172.94 µm (at 1.0 kV) to 145.03, 191.34, and 212.84 µm (at 1.5 kV), respectively. The effects of graphene oxide (GO) addition in the PVC gel were also investigated. The inclusion of GO (0.1 wt.%) provided an approximate 20% enhancement of displacement and 41% increase in force production, and a 36% increase in power output for the PVC/GO gel over traditional plasticizer only PVC gel. The proposed PVC/GO gel actuator may have promising applications in artificial muscle, small mechanical devices, optics, and various opto-electro-mechanical devices due to its low-profile, transparency, and electrical response characteristics.

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“…At that time, the plasticizers in the high-molecular-weight PVC gel can accelerate the movement of PVC chains toward an anode. Because there are many more PVC chains near an anode in the high-molecular-weight PVC gel than in the lower-molecular-weight PVC gel, more PVC chains can be influenced by applied electric field [27]. For these reasons, we expect that the molecular weight of the PVC will affect the deformation of the PVC gel-based bending actuator and its response time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, a PVC with high molecular weight has denser entanglement and more physical crosslinking, so excess plasticizer can be retained in the PVC chain matrix. Previously, we investigated the effect of the molecular weight of the PVC resin on the electroactive performance of plasticized PVC gels [27]. Because a high-molecular-weight PVC can accept more plasticizer, the performance of PVC gels based on high-molecular-weight PVC resin increases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of a High-Performance Bending Actuator Made with a PVC Gel

2018

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This paper proposes a small, transparent, electroactive and highly deformable poly vinyl chloride (PVC) gel-based bending actuator. The effect of the PVC molecular weight and plasticizer content on the performance of the bending actuator is investigated. Three PVCs are prepared with different molecular weights (low molecular weight: PVC L , 116,000; medium molecular weight: PVC M , 239,000; and high molecular weight: PVC H , 282,000) and mixed with plasticizers in various ratios to achieve the best performance of the bending actuator. Experiments are conducted to investigate the bending performance of the actuators based on the prepared PVC gels. Among the prepared actuators, the PVC H -based bending actuator shows the best performance (maximum bending angle: 180 • , elapsed time: 3.15 s).

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High-Performance PVC Gel for Adaptive Micro-Lenses with Variable Focal Length

Cited by 56 publications

References 26 publications

Ionic liquids enhanced performance of PVC gels actuator

Ionic liquids enhanced performance of PVC gels actuator

High-performance polyvinyl chloride gel artificial muscle actuator with graphene oxide and plasticizer

Fabrication of a High-Performance Bending Actuator Made with a PVC Gel

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