Abstract:The purpose of this review is to summarize data on the structure, mechanical and tribological properties, and wear patterns of composites based on high-performance polymers (HPPs) intended for use in friction units. The review includes three key sections, divided according to the tribological contact schemes regardless of the polymer matrix. In the second part, the analysis of composites is carried out in point contacts. The third section is devoted to the results of studies of HPP-based composites in linear o… Show more
“…Besides, one can observe a relatively smooth and compact worn surface, which is in good accordance with the desirable reduced coefficient of friction and improved wear resistance of the BGF/TiO 2 /PI nanocomposite. Again, one can agree to this as study by Ali et al 68 and Panin et al 69 revealed that good tribological behaviour of polymer materials can be obtain with nanofillers incorporation. And such is the case in the present study of the composite filled with TiO 2 nanoparticles.Figure 3.(a) Coefficient of friction and (b) Wear rate of the neat PI and reinforced PI composites under dry sliding conditions of load 10 N and sliding speed 200 r/min).Figure 4.Optical micrograph of the samples wear track; (a) Neat PI, (b) BGF/PI, and (c) BGF/TiO 2 /PI composite.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 76%
“…Besides, one can observe a relatively smooth and compact worn surface, which is in good accordance with the desirable reduced coefficient of friction and improved wear resistance of the BGF/TiO 2 /PI nanocomposite. Again, one can agree to this as study by Ali et al 68 and Panin et al 69 revealed that good tribological behaviour of polymer materials can be obtain with nanofillers incorporation. And such is the case in the present study of the composite filled with TiO 2 nanoparticles.…”
Interest has grown in recent time on the development of three-component polymer nanocomposite with enhanced properties. However, the study focuses on the effect of TiO2 nanofiller on the mechanical, tribological, dielectric, and corrosion resistance properties of boron-free glass fiber (BGF) reinforced polyimide (PI) composite produced with spark plasma sintering route. Microstructure of the samples was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical, tribological, dielectric, thermal, and corrosion behaviour of the samples were characterized by nanoindenter, ball-on-disc, LCR meter, TGA, and potentiodynamic polarization test, respectively. The SEM results show that the introduction of the nanoparticles into the BGF/PI composite aids in more uniform distribution of the BGF particles within the PI matrix, and thus good interfacial interaction of the glass fiber and the PI matrix structure. Comparing the BGF/PI composite sample with BGF/TiO2/PI nanocomposite, it was observed that the nanocomposite depicted better hardness, elastic modulus, low friction coefficient and wear rate, dielectric, and enhanced corrosion properties. With TiO2 additions, hardness and modulus of the PI composite was improved by 56.6% and 10.1%, respectively. In addition, PI composites filled with TiO2 depicted a 0.07 coefficient of friction and wear rate of about 67.7% in reduction than that of neat PI and 9.0% in reduction than that of the pristine BGF/PI composites. Improved interactions between the reinforcements and the host matrix are suggested as the possible mechanism resulting to the desirable properties of the three-component PI nanocomposite recorded. Finally, the developed nanocomposite is suggested to be favourable for automobile, aerospace, and microelectronic device applications.
“…Besides, one can observe a relatively smooth and compact worn surface, which is in good accordance with the desirable reduced coefficient of friction and improved wear resistance of the BGF/TiO 2 /PI nanocomposite. Again, one can agree to this as study by Ali et al 68 and Panin et al 69 revealed that good tribological behaviour of polymer materials can be obtain with nanofillers incorporation. And such is the case in the present study of the composite filled with TiO 2 nanoparticles.Figure 3.(a) Coefficient of friction and (b) Wear rate of the neat PI and reinforced PI composites under dry sliding conditions of load 10 N and sliding speed 200 r/min).Figure 4.Optical micrograph of the samples wear track; (a) Neat PI, (b) BGF/PI, and (c) BGF/TiO 2 /PI composite.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 76%
“…Besides, one can observe a relatively smooth and compact worn surface, which is in good accordance with the desirable reduced coefficient of friction and improved wear resistance of the BGF/TiO 2 /PI nanocomposite. Again, one can agree to this as study by Ali et al 68 and Panin et al 69 revealed that good tribological behaviour of polymer materials can be obtain with nanofillers incorporation. And such is the case in the present study of the composite filled with TiO 2 nanoparticles.…”
Interest has grown in recent time on the development of three-component polymer nanocomposite with enhanced properties. However, the study focuses on the effect of TiO2 nanofiller on the mechanical, tribological, dielectric, and corrosion resistance properties of boron-free glass fiber (BGF) reinforced polyimide (PI) composite produced with spark plasma sintering route. Microstructure of the samples was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical, tribological, dielectric, thermal, and corrosion behaviour of the samples were characterized by nanoindenter, ball-on-disc, LCR meter, TGA, and potentiodynamic polarization test, respectively. The SEM results show that the introduction of the nanoparticles into the BGF/PI composite aids in more uniform distribution of the BGF particles within the PI matrix, and thus good interfacial interaction of the glass fiber and the PI matrix structure. Comparing the BGF/PI composite sample with BGF/TiO2/PI nanocomposite, it was observed that the nanocomposite depicted better hardness, elastic modulus, low friction coefficient and wear rate, dielectric, and enhanced corrosion properties. With TiO2 additions, hardness and modulus of the PI composite was improved by 56.6% and 10.1%, respectively. In addition, PI composites filled with TiO2 depicted a 0.07 coefficient of friction and wear rate of about 67.7% in reduction than that of neat PI and 9.0% in reduction than that of the pristine BGF/PI composites. Improved interactions between the reinforcements and the host matrix are suggested as the possible mechanism resulting to the desirable properties of the three-component PI nanocomposite recorded. Finally, the developed nanocomposite is suggested to be favourable for automobile, aerospace, and microelectronic device applications.
“…In addition to the type and amount of fillers, as well as the test temperature, many factors affected the CoF and WR values. However, the results were actually determined by the regularities of the TF formation, adhering and degradation [ 35 ]. Among the key influencing factors, the following should be noted: the sliding speed, normal load, environmental temperature, surface roughness, counterpart material, polymer structure, types of both fillers and lubricating medium (if any), etc.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition, the tests were carried out under equal conditions. In this work, a comparison of the TF formation patterns was carried out for three-component PI- and PEI-composites under mild tribological loading conditions at a point contact (ball-on-disk, P = 5 N, V = 0.3 m/s) at room and elevated temperatures, despite the fact that the PTFE, Gr, and MoS 2 solid lubricant mechanism was described in the literature [ 35 ]. To the best of our knowledge, this was not performed in a similar formulation before.…”
The structure, mechanical and tribological properties of the PEI- and PI-based composites reinforced with Chopped Carbon Fibers (CCF) and loaded with commercially available micron-sized solid lubricant fillers of various nature (polymeric-PTFE, and crystalline-Gr and MoS2) were studied in the temperature range of 23–180 (240) °C. It was shown that tribological properties of these ternary composites were determined by the regularities of the transfer film (TF) adherence on their wear track surfaces. The patterns of TFs formation depended on the chemical structure of the polymer matrix (stiffness/flexibility) as well as the tribological test temperatures. Loading with PTFE solid lubricant particles, along with the strengthening effect of CCF, facilitated the formation and fixation of the TF on the sliding surfaces of the more compliant PEI-based composite at room temperature. In this case, a very low coefficient of friction (CoF) value of about 0.05 was observed. For the more rigid identically filled PI-based composite, the CoF value was twice as high under the same conditions. At elevated temperatures, rising both CoF levels and oscillation of their values made it difficult to retain the non-polar PTFE transfer film on the sliding surfaces of the PI-based composite. As a result, friction of the ceramic counterpart proceeded over the composite surface without any protecting TF at T ≥ 180 °C. For the sample with the more flexible PEI matrix, the PTFE-containing TF was retained on its sliding surface, providing a low WR level even under CoF rising and oscillating conditions. A similar analysis was carried out for the less efficient crystalline solid lubricant filler MoS2.
“…In addition to this, type of reinforcement, weight percentage, friction contact area and lubrication influences the friction resistance of polymer composites. [ 53 ] Figure 12 shows the COF change for all structures over the test duration at different speeds for alumina reinforced PLA material. The cause of friction for polymers and its composites are due to adhesion, deformation and elastic hysteresis.…”
Section: Application To Biomedical Structure: Case Studymentioning
Biopolymer-based composites, which are being employed extensively in biomedical applications have exceptional physical and mechanical properties. However, printing composites is a challenging task for biomedical applications. The current work highlights the impact of process parameters of fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology, that is, layer height, number of loops, nozzle temperature, and a nonprocess parameter, that is, weight percentage of alumina on ultimate tensile strength, ultimate flexural strength, and ultimate compression strength of polylactic acid (PLA)-alumina composite. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been implemented to construct the tests. The regression model demonstrated how various parameters and their interaction affected output responses. The surface plots for noticeable interactions have also been plotted. The outcome revealed that parameter control and optimization have vital impact on mechanical properties. The optimum value for maximum mechanical strengths has been obtained at layer height 0.1 mm, number of loops 4, nozzle temperature 195 C, and weight percentage of alumina as 1.5%. Later a case study has been performed with obtained optimized parameters with porous structures for biomedical applications and found that the properties such as surface finish, and dimensional accuracy were unaltered during the optimization process.
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