High performance ordered mesoporous carbon/carbon nanotube composite electrodes for capacitive deionization

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanorods with excellent capacitive deionization ability

“…To investigate the electrochemical and electrosorption 35 performances of NCNRs, the as-synthesized NCNRs, acetylene black and PVA, with a weight ratio of 80:10:10, were homogenously mixed in deionized water at 80 °C to get a carbon slurry. Then, the carbon slurries were uniformly coated on graphite substrates through casting method.…”

“…30 However, new strategies for carbonaceous material fabrication are still of importance as most of the existing carbon materials suffer problems such as high manufacturing cost and low adsorption capacity which limit CDI from being used for scalingup application. 43, 44 35 Engineering of carbon materials by substituting some of the carbon atoms with heteroatoms, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, boron and so on, is an effective way to modify their electron transfer properties, [45][46][47] and ultimately improve their electrical and chemical performance. Among numerous heteroatoms, nitrogen 40 is the most potential candidate as its atomic size and valence bond are both similar to those of carbon atoms.…”

Highly porous activated carbons from resource-recovered Leucaena leucocephala wood as capacitive deionization electrodes

“…Carbonaceous materials, such as activated carbons (Choi, 2010;Hou et al, 2012), carbon aerogel (Gabelich et al, 2002), carbon fiber , carbon nanotubes Hou et al, 2014), mesoporous carbon (Tsouris et al, 2011), graphene (Li et al, 2010), hierarchically porous carbons (Mayes et al, 2010;Wen et al, 2012), and mixtures of these materials (Peng et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2014) are potential CDI electrodes because of their favorable conductivity and high surface area. Currently, manufacturing carbon electrodes at low costs is essential for promoting CDI technology.…”

Nitrogen-doped porous carbon spheres for highly efficient capacitive deionization

“…Since the CDI concept was firstly introduced by Caudle et al [11] in the early 1960s various carbonaceous materials including activated carbon [12][13][14][15][16][17], carbon nanofibers [18][19][20][21], carbon aerogel [11,[22][23][24][25], mesoporous carbon [26][27][28][29][30], carbon nanotubes [31][32][33][34][35][36][37] and graphene [3,38] have been applied as CDI electrodes due to their high specific surface area, good conductivity and chemical stability. However, some carbon materials suffer problems such as high manufacturing cost and low adsorption capacity which limits CDI from being used for scaling-up application [39,40].…”