High Performance of Manganese Porphyrin Sensitized p-Type CuFe2O4 Photocathode for Solar Water Splitting to Produce Hydrogen in a Tandem Photoelectrochemical Cell

Li, Xia; Liu, Aijuan; Chu, Dongmei; Zhang, Chunyong; Du, Yukou; Huang, Jie; Yang, Ping

doi:10.3390/catal8030108

Cited by 37 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The results clearly indicate that the catalyst can be effectively used only for one run. The metal ferrites do not work efficiently after recycling, because photo corrosion is a basic problem associated with this class [21,22].…”

Section: Effect Of Catalyst Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Experimental Study of CO2 Conversion into Methanol by Synthesized Photocatalyst (ZnFe2O4/TiO2) Using Visible Light as an Energy Source

Manzoor¹,

Sadiq

Naqvi

et al. 2020

Catalysts

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Ozone layer depletion is a serious threat due to the extensive release of greenhouse gases. The emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) from fossil fuel combustion is a major reason for global warming. Energy demands and climate change are coupled with each other. CO2is a major gas contributing to global warming; hence, the conversion of CO2 into useful products such as methanol, formic acid, formaldehyde, etc., under visible light is an attractive topic. Challenges associated with the current research include synthesizing a photocatalyst that is driven by visible light with a narrow band gap range between 2.5 and 3.0 eV, the separation of a mixed end product, and the two to three times faster recombination rate of an electron–hole pair compared with separation over yield. The purpose of the current research is to convert CO2 into useful fuel i.e., methanol; the current study focuses on the photocatalytic reduction of CO2into a useful product. This research is based on the profound analysis of published work, which allows the selection of appropriate methods and material for this research. In this study, zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) is synthesized via the modified sol–gel method and coupled with titanium dioxide (TiO2). Thereafter, the catalyst is characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), FE-SEM, UV–Vis, and XRD characterization techniques. UV–Vis illustrates that the synthesized catalyst has a low band gap and utilizes a major portion of visible light irradiation. The XRD pattern was confirmed by the formation of the desired catalyst. FE-SEM illustrated that the size of the catalyst ranges from 50 to 500 nm and BET analysis determined the surface area, which was 2.213 and 6.453 m2/g for ZnFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4/TiO2, respectively. The continuous gas flow photoreactor was used to study the activity of the synthesized catalyst, while titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been coupled with zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) under visible light in order to obtain the maximum yield of methanol as a single product and simultaneously avoid the conversion of CO2 into multiple products. The performance of ZnFe2O4/TiO2was mainly assessed through methanol yield with a variable amount of TiO2 over ZnFe2O4 (1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 1:3, and 3:1). The synthesized catalyst recycling ability has been tested up to five cycles. Finally, we concluded that the optimum conditions for maximum yield were found to be a calcination temperature of ZnFe2O4at 900 °C, and optimum yield was at a 1:1 w/w coupling ratio of ZnFe2O4/TiO2. It was observed that due to the enhancement in the electron–hole pair lifetime, the methanol yield at 141.22 μmol/gcat·h over ZnFe2O4/TiO2was found to be 7% higher than the earlier reported data.

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Section: Effect Of Catalyst Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Experimental Study of CO2 Conversion into Methanol by Synthesized Photocatalyst (ZnFe2O4/TiO2) Using Visible Light as an Energy Source

Manzoor¹,

Sadiq

Naqvi

et al. 2020

Catalysts

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“…Energy produced by the sun in one hour is equal to the amount necessary for the world’s human population in one year [ 10 ]. Thus, storing energy through the production of solar fuel (hydrogen by water-splitting or hydrocarbons by carbon dioxide reduction) and generating energy from them, when it is necessary, has become a “green” challenge [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anionic Exchange Membrane for Photo-Electrolysis Application

et al. 2020

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Tandem photo-electro-chemical cells composed of an assembly of a solid electrolyte membrane and two low-cost photoelectrodes have been developed to generate green solar fuel from water-splitting. In this regard, an anion-exchange polymer–electrolyte membrane, able to separate H2 evolved at the photocathode from O2 at the photoanode, was investigated in terms of ionic conductivity, corrosion mitigation, and light transmission for a tandem photo-electro-chemical configuration. The designed anionic membranes, based on polysulfone polymer, contained positive fixed functionalities on the side chains of the polymeric network, particularly quaternary ammonium species counterbalanced by hydroxide anions. The membrane was first investigated in alkaline solution, KOH or NaOH at different concentrations, to optimize the ion-exchange process. Exchange in 1M KOH solution provided high conversion of the groups, a high ion-exchange capacity (IEC) value of 1.59 meq/g and a hydroxide conductivity of 25 mS/cm at 60 °C for anionic membrane. Another important characteristic, verified for hydroxide membrane, was its transparency above 600 nm, thus making it a good candidate for tandem cell applications in which the illuminated photoanode absorbs the highest-energy photons (< 600 nm), and photocathode absorbs the lowest-energy photons. Furthermore, hydrogen crossover tests showed a permeation of H2 through the membrane of less than 0.1%. Finally, low-cost tandem photo-electro-chemical cells, formed by titanium-doped hematite and ionomer at the photoanode and cupric oxide and ionomer at the photocathode, separated by a solid membrane in OH form, were assembled to optimize the influence of ionomer-loading dispersion. Maximum enthalpy (1.7%), throughput (2.9%), and Gibbs energy efficiencies (1.3%) were reached by using n-propanol/ethanol (1:1 wt.) as solvent for ionomer dispersion and with a 25 µL cm−2 ionomer loading for both the photoanode and the photocathode.

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“…The interface between semiconductor and dye molecules ensures the charge-carriers separation [365]. The most studied photosensitizers are based on ruthenium polypyridine [366,367] or porphyrin [365,368]. or anions (N [351], C [352], S [353,354], B [355]).…”

Section: Modification Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Synthetic Fuels: Renewable Routes for the Conversion of Non-Fossil Feedstocks into Gaseous Fuels and Their End Uses

et al. 2020

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Innovative renewable routes are potentially able to sustain the transition to a decarbonized energy economy. Green synthetic fuels, including hydrogen and natural gas, are considered viable alternatives to fossil fuels. Indeed, they play a fundamental role in those sectors that are difficult to electrify (e.g., road mobility or high-heat industrial processes), are capable of mitigating problems related to flexibility and instantaneous balance of the electric grid, are suitable for large-size and long-term storage and can be transported through the gas network. This article is an overview of the overall supply chain, including production, transport, storage and end uses. Available fuel conversion technologies use renewable energy for the catalytic conversion of non-fossil feedstocks into hydrogen and syngas. We will show how relevant technologies involve thermochemical, electrochemical and photochemical processes. The syngas quality can be improved by catalytic CO and CO2 methanation reactions for the generation of synthetic natural gas. Finally, the produced gaseous fuels could follow several pathways for transport and lead to different final uses. Therefore, storage alternatives and gas interchangeability requirements for the safe injection of green fuels in the natural gas network and fuel cells are outlined. Nevertheless, the effects of gas quality on combustion emissions and safety are considered.

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High Performance of Manganese Porphyrin Sensitized p-Type CuFe2O4 Photocathode for Solar Water Splitting to Produce Hydrogen in a Tandem Photoelectrochemical Cell

Cited by 37 publications

References 44 publications

RETRACTED: Experimental Study of CO2 Conversion into Methanol by Synthesized Photocatalyst (ZnFe2O4/TiO2) Using Visible Light as an Energy Source

RETRACTED: Experimental Study of CO2 Conversion into Methanol by Synthesized Photocatalyst (ZnFe2O4/TiO2) Using Visible Light as an Energy Source

Anionic Exchange Membrane for Photo-Electrolysis Application

Green Synthetic Fuels: Renewable Routes for the Conversion of Non-Fossil Feedstocks into Gaseous Fuels and Their End Uses

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