High‐performance of Agaricus blazei fungus for the biological pretreatment of elephant grass

Abstract

Biological pre-treatment seems to be promising being an eco-friendly process, with no inhibitor generated during the process. The potential for elephant grass pre-treatment with white degradation fungi Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricus blazei, Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus citrinopileatus, and Pleurotus djamor, in isolated or mixed cultures of these strains, was evaluated. The highest activities of enzymes involved in the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass (laccases, endoglucanases, xylanases, and β-glucosidases) were observed for A. blazei, L. edodes and the combination of P. ostreatus and A. blazei. In the enzymatic hydrolysis, there was greater release of reducing sugars in the pre-treated elephant grass samples by A. blazei during 10 days (338.91 ± 7.39 mg g of biomass). For this sample, higher lignin reductions, 24.81 and 57.45%, after 15 and 35 days of incubation, respectively, were also verified. These data indicate the potential of macromycetes such as A. blazei to perform biological pre-treatments. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:42-50, 2018.

Fungal pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse: a green pathway to improve saccharification and ethanol production

“…Biological pretreatment has been associated with modi cations to the biomass via the action of enzymes produced during colonization. These enzymes act at speci c substrate locations, and may degrade polyphenols in the lignin and also degrade the structure of the hemocellulose heteropolysaccharide, in addition to reaching cellulose bers [45], [23], [18].…”

“…Biological pretreatment consists of the disorganization of lignocellulosic biomass by enzymes produced by microorganisms, especially basidiomycetes fungi, making the sugars accessible to the hydrolysis and fermentation stages for ethanol production. In contrast to chemical and physical-chemical pretreatment methods, there is no need to use chemicals or high amounts of energy and there is no generation of toxic compounds which could compromise the subsequent steps of hydrolysis and fermentation [22], [23]. Fungi have two extracellular enzyme systems: the hydrolytic system, which produces hydrolases responsible for the degradation of polysaccharides, and the oxidative system, which degrades lignin and opens phenyl rings [24], [25].…”

Agaricus subrufescens fermented rye affects the development of intestinal microbiota, local intestinal and innate immunity in suckling-to-nursery pigs

“…One of these additives is rye overgrown with mycelium (ROM) of Agaricus subrufescens ( A. subrufescens ) through the process of solid-state fermentation. During the fermentation procedure, A. subrufescens produces enzymes (e.g., xylanases, glucanases and a-amylases) that assist in the degradation and utilization of substrate (rye) nutrients (e.g., arabinoxylan) into indigestible but bioactive oligosaccharides [ 4 , 5 ]. Meanwhile, a range of fungal cell components and metabolites are produced that have been shown to be potentially beneficial and bioactive including polysaccharides (e.g., 1,3-1,6-β-glucans) and phenolic compounds (e.g., gallic acid and syringic acid) [ 6 ].…”