High‐Performance n‐Channel Thin‐Film Field‐Effect Transistors Based on a Nanowire‐Forming Polymer

Abstract

A new electrontransport polymer, poly{[N,N′‐dioctylperylene‐3,4,9,10‐bis(dicarboximide)‐1,7(6)‐diyl]‐alt‐[(2,5‐bis(2‐ethyl‐hexyl)‐1,4‐phenylene)bis(ethyn‐2,1‐diyl]} (PDIC8‐EB), is synthesized. In chloroform, the polymer undergoes self‐assembly, forming a nanowire suspension. The nanowire's optical and electrochemical properties, morphological structure, and field‐effect transistor (FET) characteristics are investigated. Thin films fabricated from a PDIC8‐EB nanowire suspension are composed of ordered nanowires and ordered and amorphous non‐nanowire phases, whereas films prepared from a homogeneous PDIC8‐EB solution consist of only the ordered and amorphous non‐nanowire phases. X‐ray scattering experiments suggest that in both nanowires and ordered phases, the PDIC8 units are laterally stacked in an edge‐on manner with respect to the film plane, with full interdigitation of the octyl chains, and with the polymer backbones preferentially oriented within the film plane. The ordering and orientations are significantly enhanced through thermal annealing at 200 °C under inert conditions. The polymer film with high degree of structural ordering and strong orientation yields a high electron mobility (0.10 ± 0.05 cm2 V−1 s−1), with a high on/off ratio (3.7 × 106), a low threshold voltage (8 V), and negligible hysteresis (0.5 V). This study demonstrates that the polymer in the nanowire suspension provides a suitable material for fabricating the active layers of high‐performance n‐channel FET devices via a solution coating process.

High‐Mobility Air‐Stable Naphthalene Diimide‐Based Copolymer Containing Extended π‐Conjugation for n‐Channel Organic Field Effect Transistors

“…PNDI-TVT was prepared using a Pd-catalyzed Stille coupling reaction between (E)-1,2-bis(5-(trimethylstannyl) thiophene-2-yl)ethene and 4,9-dibromo-2,7-bis(2-decyltetradecyl)benzo[lmn] [3,8] PNDI-TVT was prepared using a Pd-catalyzed Stille coupling reaction between (E)-1,2-bis(5-(trimethylstannyl) thiophene-2-yl)ethene and 4,9-dibromo-2,7-bis(2-decyltetradecyl)benzo[lmn] [3,8]…”

“…Synthesis of 4,9-dibromoisochromeno [6,5,4-def ] [3,8] phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2H,7H)-tetraone (NDI-Br 2 ) ( 2 ) : NDA-Br 2 ( 1 ) (10.00 g, 23.47 mmol) was added to a 500 mL round bottom fl ask along with glacial acetic acid (200 mL) and 2-decyltetradecan-1-amine (20.75 g, 58.68 mmol). The reaction mixture was refl uxed under N 2 for 1 h and then poured onto H 2 O, forming a precipitate that was subsequently fi ltered and washed with methanol.…”

“…Here, we report the preparation of a solution-processed polymer, poly[( E )-2,7-bis(2-decyltetradecyl)-4-methyl-9-(5-(2-(5methylthiophen-2-yl)vinyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[lmn] [3,8] phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2 H ,7 H )-tetraone] (PNDI-TVT), the molecular structure of which is shown in Scheme 1 . To achieve n-type FETs with high mobility and ambient stability, PNDI-TVT was designed with an alternating structure consisting of NDI and thienylene-vinylene-thienylene (TVT) units, which have a vinyl linkage between adjacent thiophene units.…”

Influence of Molecular Conformations and Microstructure on the Optoelectronic Properties of Conjugated Polymers

“…This breath of architectures that can be realized can be designed to target a plethora of applications, amongst others, in the fields of nanolithography [7], controlled drug delivery [8], organic photovoltaics (OPVs) [9–13], organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) [14–18], and organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) [1–4,19–22]. …”

Trap-assisted recombination in disordered organic semiconductors extended by considering density dependent mobility

“…Organic semiconductors are present focus of interest in many relevant fields for their applications in field-effect transistors (Hahm et al, 2013;Marinov and Deen, 2013;Pietro et al, 2014), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) Bruyn et al, 2013;, organic solar cells (OSC) Sun et al, 2012;Widmer et al, 2013;Yao and Hang, 2014;Kim et al, 2015;Vinayak et al, 2016;Koster et al, 2005aKoster et al, , 2005b OLEDs and OSCs have been intensively studied over the last years Bruyn et al, 2013;Sun et al, 2012;Widmer et al, 2013;Yao and Hang, 2014;Kim et al, 2015;Vinayak et al, 2016;Koster et al, 2005aKoster et al, , 2005b. Recombination of electrons and holes in organic semiconductors is recognized as an important process; it determines the efficiency of OLEDs, and is an unwanted loss process in OSCs (Sun et al, 2012;Widmer et al, 2013;Yao and Hang, 2014;Kim et al, 2015;Vinayak et al, 2016;Koster et al, 2005aKoster et al, , 2005b.…”