High-performance midinfrared quantum cascade lasers

Capasso, Federico

doi:10.1117/1.3505844

Cited by 182 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Cascade pumping originally proposed in [1] became recognized as a carrier delivery scheme leading to high-power room temperature continuous wave operation of semiconductor lasers utilizing gain sections based on electron transitions between subbands in the conduction band-quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) [2,3]-and interband transitions in the type-II quantum well-interband cascade lasers (ICLs) [4]. Thus, a series connection of an optimized number of aforementioned or any other quantum well (QW) gain sections is arguably a fundamental advantage of the cascade lasers over non-cascade multiple-QW devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cascade Type-I Quantum Well GaSb-Based Diode Lasers

et al. 2016

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Cascade pumping of type-I quantum well gain sections was utilized to increase output power and efficiency of GaSb-based diode lasers operating in a spectral region from 1.9 to 3.3 µm. Carrier recycling between quantum well gain stages was realized using band-to-band tunneling in GaSb/AlSb/InAs heterostructure complemented with optimized electron and hole injector regions. Coated devices with an~100-µm-wide aperture and a 3-mm-long cavity demonstrated continuous wave (CW) output power of 1.96 W near 2 µm, 980 mW near 3 µm, 500 mW near 3.18 µm, and 360 mW near 3.25 µm at 17-20˝C-a nearly or more than twofold increase compared to previous state-of-the-art diode lasers. The utilization of the different quantum wells in the cascade laser heterostructure was demonstrated to yield wide gain lasers, as often desired for tunable laser spectroscopy. Double-step etching was utilized to minimize both the internal optical loss and the lateral current spreading penalties in narrow-ridge lasers. Narrow-ridge cascade diode lasers operate in a CW regime with~100 mW of output power near and above 3 µm and above 150 mW near 2 µm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cascade Type-I Quantum Well GaSb-Based Diode Lasers

et al. 2016

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“…Thanks to their wide tunability and integrability, QCLs are superseding alternative sources such as molecular gas lasers or lead-salt lasers [1][2][3]. One of the main drawbacks of QCLs is their extreme sensitivity to optical feedback that may prevent stable operation, hence the need for high optical isolation, especially for high-resolution spectroscopy applications in which precise frequency control is required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Note: A high transmission Faraday optical isolator in the 9.2 μm range

Hilico

Douillet

Karr

et al. 2011

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…The MIR region is ideally suited for quantum cascade lasers (QCLs), covering a wavelength range from 3.3 µm to around 12 µm, using just a single semiconductor material combination, namely GaInAs/AlInAs-on-InP [3][4][5]. EC-QCLs covering the MIR spectral range have…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances and Applications of External Cavity-QCLs towards Hyperspectral Imaging for Standoff Detection and Real-Time Spectroscopic Sensing of Chemicals

et al. 2016

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External-cavity quantum cascade lasers (EC-QCL) are now established as versatile wavelength-tunable light sources for analytical spectroscopy in the mid-infrared (MIR) spectral range. We report on the realization of rapid broadband spectral tuning with kHz scan rates by combining a QCL chip with a broad gain spectrum and a resonantly driven micro-opto-electro-mechanical (MOEMS) scanner with an integrated diffraction grating in Littrow configuration. The capability for real-time spectroscopic sensing based on MOEMS EC-QCLs is demonstrated by transmission measurements performed on polystyrene reference absorber sheets, as well as on hazardous substances, such as explosives. Furthermore, different applications for the EC-QCL technology in spectroscopic sensing are presented. These include the fields of process analysis with on-or even inline capability and imaging backscattering spectroscopy for contactless identification of solid and liquid contaminations on surfaces. Recent progress in trace detection of explosives and related precursors in relevant environments as well as advances in food quality monitoring by discriminating fresh and mold contaminated peanuts based on their MIR backscattering spectrum is shown.Keywords: quantum cascade lasers; external cavity quantum cascade lasers; MOEMS grating; quantum cascade laser based spectroscopy; imaging laser backscattering spectroscopy; inline spectroscopic analysis

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High-performance midinfrared quantum cascade lasers

Cited by 182 publications

References 52 publications

Cascade Type-I Quantum Well GaSb-Based Diode Lasers

Cascade Type-I Quantum Well GaSb-Based Diode Lasers

Note: A high transmission Faraday optical isolator in the 9.2 μm range

Recent Advances and Applications of External Cavity-QCLs towards Hyperspectral Imaging for Standoff Detection and Real-Time Spectroscopic Sensing of Chemicals

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