“…Thermoelectric (TE) generation technology has drawn significant attention from researchers due to its immense potential for direct interconversion between electrical and thermal energy, such as waste heat recovery. Presently, TE devices find widespread application in aerospace, , transportation, , sensing, , and medical fields. , However, a primary challenge faced by TE devices in numerous applications is their inherent inefficiency, which is closely related to their applied TE materials, designs, and fabrication process. The performance of TE materials is characterized using the dimensionless figure of merit as ZT = S 2 σ/κ, where σ, κ, S , and T denote the electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and absolute temperature, respectively.…”