High performance membranes based on pyridine containing poly (aryl ether ketone ketone) for vanadium redox flow battery applications

Zhang, Bengui; Zhao, Minghui; Liu, Qian; Zhang, Xueting; Fu, Yanshi; Zhang, Enlei; Wang, Guosheng; Zhang, Zhigang; Yuan, Xinchen; Zhang, Shouhai

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.230128

Cited by 19 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Figure a–c shows the cell efficiency (CE, VE, and EE) of VRFBs equipped with PAES-8mPip- x and Nafion 212 in constant current charge/discharge tests performed at different current densities of 40–200 mA cm –2 and room temperature. As shown in Figure a–c, as expected, because the samples with a high IEC value have higher vanadium ion permeability and lower ASR, the corresponding CE decreases with the increase of IEC, and VE increases with the increase of IEC at the same current density . At the same time, it can be found that their CE increases with the increase of current density, while VE shows the opposite trend.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…As shown in Figure 3a−c, as expected, because the samples with a high IEC value have higher vanadium ion permeability and lower ASR, the corresponding CE decreases with the increase of IEC, and VE increases with the increase of IEC at the same current density. 45 At the same time, it can be found that their CE increases with the increase of current density, while VE shows the opposite trend. This is because the Donnan repulsion effect is enhanced at higher current densities, resulting in a decrease in the cross mixing of vanadium ions, and a shorter time is required during the charge and discharge process of the redox active electrolyte cross, but there is more ohmic polarization loss at the same time.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Efficiency and Oxidation Performance of Densely Flexible Side-Chain Piperidinium-Functionalized Anion Exchange Membranes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

Tao

Wang

Cai

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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In order to improve the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs), a series of anion exchange membranes (PAES-8mPip-x) containing multiple flexible side-chain piperidinium structures were selected for use as ionic membranes for VRFBs. The relationship between their battery performance and chemical structure was systematically investigated, and their oxidation stability and degradation mechanism in strong oxidizing solution were studied in detail. These membranes exhibited high SO4 2– conductivity as well as low area specific resistance due to the incorporation of densely flexible side-chain piperidinium. Their SO4 2– conductivity and area-specific resistance are in the range of 9.6–18.1 mS cm–1 and 0.19–0.34 Ω cm2 at 20 °C, respectively. The single battery assembled with the representative PAES-8mPip-0.25 displayed high efficiencies, and its coulombic efficiency, voltage efficiency, and energy efficiency were 94.78, 90.15, and 85.44% at a current density of 60 mA cm–2, respectively, which were higher than those of Nafion 212 (94.19, 89.08, and 83.90%) at the same testing condition. What is more, it was found that these AEMs had good stability in strong oxidizing solution. Although their polymer backbone was degraded to a certain extent in 1.5 mol L–1 VO2 +/3 mol L–1 H2SO4 at 40 °C, the flexible piperidinium in side chains did not undergo significant chemical degradation. Related research results provide a scientific basis for the design of high-performance anion membrane materials for VRFBs.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Efficiency and Oxidation Performance of Densely Flexible Side-Chain Piperidinium-Functionalized Anion Exchange Membranes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

Tao

Wang

Cai

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…As shown in Figure d, the QAnPEK membranes exhibited very low VO 2+ concentration after immersion for 31 days (2.29 mmol L –1 for QAnPEK-40, 2.52 mmol L –1 for QAnPEK-60, and 2.07 mmol L –1 for QAnPEK-90). The VO 2+ concentration for the QAnPEK membranes was significantly lower than many reported membranes (Table ), ,,− ,,− suggesting that QAnPEK membranes had outstanding chemical stability. Furthermore, unlike reported PyPEKK membranes, the stability of the QAnPEK membrane was hardly affected by swelling, which was probably due to the excellent chemical stability of the anthrone-containing backbone.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The commercial perfluorosulfonic acid Nafion membranes, typically used in fuel cells and VFBs, are superior in proton conductivity and chemical stability, but their poor ion selectivity and high cost limit their large-scale application in VFBs. , Nafion composite membranes were investigated to enhance the selectivity. − To develop high-performance alternative membranes, many membranes based on low-cost hydrocarbon polymers ,− have been developed for VFBs, and some studies exhibited very promising results in VFBs. Recently, we have reported that adamantane-containing polymer-based membranes − and pyridine-containing polymer-based membranes , displayed low area resistance, high ion selectivity, and good battery efficiency in VFBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swelling-Induced Quaternized Anthrone-Containing Poly(aryl ether ketone) Membranes with Low Area Resistance and High Ion Selectivity for Vanadium Flow Batteries

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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A vanadium flow battery (VFB) is one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage technologies. However, membranes for VFBs still suffer from high cost or low conductivity and poor stability. Here, we report new quaternized anthrone-containing poly(aryl ether ketone) (QAnPEK) membranes for VFBs. QAnPEK membranes with moderate ion exchange capacity (1.26 mmol g–1) were swelling-induced in H3PO4 (50 wt %) to form wider ion transport pathways that significantly enhanced membrane conductivity (e.g., 0.49 Ω cm2 for the QAnPEK-virgin membrane and 0.12 Ω cm2 for the swelling-induced QAnPEK-90 membrane). The bulky rigid anthrone-containing backbone provided high swelling resistance and enabled QAnPEK membranes to have high ion selectivity. As a result, QAnPEK membranes displayed low area resistance, high ion selectivity, and robust mechanical strength. The QAnPEK-90 membrane yielded excellent energy efficiencies (92.4% at 80 mA cm–2, 85.1% at 200 mA cm–2, and 80.3% at 280 mA cm–2). Moreover, QAnPEK membranes exhibited outstanding in situ and ex situ stability, for example, the VFB with the QAnPEK-40 membrane demonstrated highly stable battery performance for 3000 cycles at 160 mA cm–2. QAnPEK membranes are attractive candidates for VFB application.

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“…With this strategy, a vanadium permeation of one-third was achieved compared to a recasting Nafion membrane, an EE of 81% at 160 mA cm −2 , and the cell could be cycled for 1000 cycles at 80 mA cm −2 without a noticeable performance change [97]. There was also an environmentally friendly method proposed to produce positively-charged membranes derived from pyridine-containing poly(aryl ether ketone ketone), where B. Zhang et al [96] reduced the vanadium permeability to 3.4•10 −7 cm 2 •min −1 , achieving 80.1% EE at 180 mA cm −2 and stable cycling for 1000 cycles (ca. 600 at 120 mA cm −2 and 400 at 140 mA cm −2 ).…”

Section: Inorganic Aqueousmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox Flow Batteries: Materials, Design and Prospects

et al. 2021

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The implementation of renewable energy sources is rapidly growing in the electrical sector. This is a major step for civilization since it will reduce the carbon footprint and ensure a sustainable future. Nevertheless, these sources of energy are far from perfect and require complementary technologies to ensure dispatchable energy and this requires storage. In the last few decades, redox flow batteries (RFB) have been revealed to be an interesting alternative for this application, mainly due to their versatility and scalability. This technology has been the focus of intense research and great advances in the last decade. This review aims to summarize the most relevant advances achieved in the last few years, i.e., from 2015 until the middle of 2021. A synopsis of the different types of RFB technology will be conducted. Particular attention will be given to vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB), the most mature RFB technology, but also to the emerging most promising chemistries. An in-depth review will be performed regarding the main innovations, materials, and designs. The main drawbacks and future perspectives for this technology will also be addressed.

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High performance membranes based on pyridine containing poly (aryl ether ketone ketone) for vanadium redox flow battery applications

Cited by 19 publications

References 57 publications

Efficiency and Oxidation Performance of Densely Flexible Side-Chain Piperidinium-Functionalized Anion Exchange Membranes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

Efficiency and Oxidation Performance of Densely Flexible Side-Chain Piperidinium-Functionalized Anion Exchange Membranes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

Swelling-Induced Quaternized Anthrone-Containing Poly(aryl ether ketone) Membranes with Low Area Resistance and High Ion Selectivity for Vanadium Flow Batteries

Redox Flow Batteries: Materials, Design and Prospects

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