High performance lithium–sulfur batteries: advances and challenges

Xu, Guiyin; Ding, Bing; Jin, Pan; Nie, Ping; Shen, Laifa; Zhang, Xiaogang

doi:10.1039/c4ta02097a

Cited by 277 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…[ 6,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Research on Li-S batteries began in the early 1960s. [ 24,27 ] In the following fi ve decades, only limited progress was made based on sporadic research efforts in this fi eld.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anodes for Rechargeable Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries

Cao

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

449

311

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this makes it one of the most promising candidates to meet the energy needs for powering future EVs. [ 6,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Research on Li-S batteries began in the early 1960s. [ 24,27 ] In the following fi ve decades, only limited progress was made based on sporadic research efforts in this fi eld. Recently, in the light of nanoporous carbon materials, the cell performance was greatly improved and the research passion on Li-S batteries has been revived. [ 20,28,29 ] Unlike Li-ion batteries that use Li + -ion insertion chemistry in intercalation inorganic compounds for both cathode and anode, Li-S batteries are based on a conversion reaction of S forming Li 2 S via polysulfi des as intermediate species (Li 2 S n , n = 4-8), which could deliver a high specifi c capacity of 1672 mAh g −1 . [ 20,24 ] However, to realize commercial Li-S batteries, there are still many technical challenges to be solved from cathode to anode, as well as electrolyte. [ 22,30,31 ] The performances of different components in Li-S batteries are often related to each other. For example, the improvements in S based cathode could benefi t from reduced degradation in metallic Li anode by minimizing polysulfi de migration and shuttle effect. In general, Li-S batteries suffer from low S utilization and short cycle life, which originate from poor conductivity of sulfur and its discharged product Li 2 S, self-discharge, large volume expansion (≈80%) upon the formation of Li 2 S, and the dissolution of polysulfi des in liquid electrolytes. [ 24,32,33 ] The insulating nature of S and the large volume expansion of S cathode upon discharge can be largely overcome via forming nanocomposite with highly porous carbon materials, which could greatly improve the S utilization and rate performance. [ 21,25,32,34 ] In addition, the porous cathode structure could hold the formed polysulfi des in the pores so as to reduce the degree of dissolution of polysulfi des into the electrolyte. Recently, it was also found that the synthesis of metastable small S molecules of S 2-4 confi ned in a conductive microporous carbon matrix could avoid the unfavorable formation of long chain polysulfi des, thus avoiding the S dissolution problem. [35][36][37] Although signifi cant improvements have been made in the cyclability of S/C composite cathodes, [ 21,24,28,38 ] there are still many problems involved in Li-S batteries before this technology can be adopted for practical applications. In contrast to the enormous research efforts on S cathode side, the Li metal anode in Li-S batteries, which is directly involved in the shuttle mechanism and the capacity failure, has attracted much less attention. [ 24,39 ] Recently, with the signifi cant improvements in the development of high capacity S cathodes using stable C/S composites, the research spotlight is falling on the anode side With the signifi cant progress that has been made toward the development of cathode materials and electrolytes in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries in recent years, the stability of the anod...

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confidence: 99%

Anodes for Rechargeable Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries

Cao

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

449

311

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“…[97] 2D carbon nanosheets could be obtained by various methods, such as template method, chemical vapor deposition, molten-salt, mechanical/chemical exfoliation, ball-milling strategy, and so on. [87,[98][99][100][101] Among them, the template method was the most effective and common way for the preparation of 2D carbon sheet materials. Fan et al synthesized 2D porous carbon nanosheets (PCNS) materials through a layered nanospace confinement strategy using montmorillonite (MMT) as nanotemplate and gelatin as carbon source (Figure 12a).…”

Section: D Carbon Nanosheetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress of Nanostructured Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors

Jiang

Yadi

Nie

et al. 2017

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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101

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Supercapacitors, as a type of energy storage system, bridge the power/energy gap between conventional capacitors and batteries due to attractive properties such as high power density, long cycle lifespan, and large temperature range. However, the low energy density of supercapacitors compared to lithium‐ion batteries has hindered their general application. In general, the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors is closely related to the structure of their electrode materials, electrolytes, and device design. The main materials used in electrochemical double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs) are carbon materials with various architectures. This is due to their high surface area, good electric conductivity, and intrinsic stability. In this review, recently reported carbon‐based nanostructured electrode materials with 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D structures are systematically reviewed. The effect of nanostructuring on the properties of supercapacitors including specific capacitance, rate capability, and cycle stability is explored, the details of which may serve as a guide to electrode design for the next generation of EDLCs.

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“…At present, ether-based electrolyte is adopted as the most commonly used electrolyte for Li-S batteries, which is typically Frontiers in Energy Research | Energy Storage composed of 1 M lithium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonimide (LiTFSI) in a binary ether solvent of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) and 1,3-dioxolane (DOL) with a small amount of LiNO 3 as additives (Gao et al, 2011;Kim and Jeong, 2011;Zhang, 2013;Xu et al, 2014). Ether solvents are chosen mainly because their general stability in the presence of PS (Aurbach et al, 1990a,b;Gofer et al, 1992) and high ion transmission and better electrolyte/electrode contact from the low-viscosity and excellent wettability (Zhang, 2013).…”

Section: Ether Based Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A significant amount of effort and expertise have been invested to overcome the challenges mentioned-above, among which the novel design of sulfur cathode has received the maximum concentration in the purpose of elevating the electronic conductivity and suppressing the dissolution of PS (Ji and Nazar, 2010;Barghamadi et al, 2013;Bresser et al, 2013;Evers and Nazar, 2013;Manthiram et al, 2013Manthiram et al, , 2014Song et al, 2013;Yin et al, 2013;Chen and Shaw, 2014;Xu et al, 2014). These works usually focused on constructing a conductive porous matrix, such as nanostructured carbons and conducting polymers, as holder for active sulfur species as well as to physically or chemically restrain the dissolution and diffusion of PS to alleviate active material loss and suppress the shuttle effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments of Electrolyte Systems for Lithiumâ€“Sulfur Batteries: A Review

Zhang³

et al. 2015

Front. Energy Res.

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With a theoretical specific energy five times higher than that of lithium-ion batteries (2,600 vs.~500Wh kg −1 ), lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have been considered as one of the most promising energy storage systems for the electrification of vehicles. However, both the polysulfide shuttle effects of the sulfur cathode and dendrite formation of the lithium anode are still key limitations to practical use of traditional Li-S batteries. In this review, we focus on the recent developments in electrolyte systems. First, we start with a brief discussion on fundamentals of Li-S batteries and key challenges associated with traditional liquid cells. We then introduce the most recent progresses in liquid systems, including ether-based, carbonate-based, and ionic liquid-based electrolytes. And then we move on to the advances in solid systems, including polymer and non-polymer electrolytes. Finally, the opportunities and perspectives for future research in both the liquid and solid Li-S batteries are presented.

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High performance lithium–sulfur batteries: advances and challenges

Abstract: This feature article reviews the recent progress of Li–S batteries to advance their practical uses.

Cited by 277 publications

References 139 publications

Anodes for Rechargeable Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries

Anodes for Rechargeable Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries

Progress of Nanostructured Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors

Developments of Electrolyte Systems for Lithiumâ€“Sulfur Batteries: A Review

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