High performance lithium metal anode: Progress and prospects

Lang, Jialiang; Liu, Qi; Luo, Yuzi; Wu, Hui

doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2017.01.006

Cited by 164 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…The formation of low density Li metal is undesirable as it reduces any volumetric advantage and introduces local current density non-uniformities at the anode-SSE interface. 136,138,139 Metallic heterogeneities are the root cause for developing electrical hot spots which may lead to electrical shorting failure mechanisms, 138,139 by potentially propagating pre-existing defects at the anode-SSE interface. 135 Coulombic efficiency is also negatively influenced by physical stranding of inaccessible metal caused by non-uniform plating and a low density microstructure, aptly described in the literature as 'dead Li'.…”

Section: Solid Electrolyte Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Practical Challenges Hindering the Development of Solid State Li Ion Batteries

Kerman

Luntz

Viswanathan

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

586

471

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Solid state electrolyte systems boasting Li + conductivity of >10 mS cm −1 at room temperature have opened the potential for developing a solid state battery with power and energy densities that are competitive with conventional liquid electrolyte systems. The primary focus of this review is twofold. First, differences in Li penetration resistance in solid state systems are discussed, and kinetic limitations of the solid state interface are highlighted. Second, technological challenges associated with processing such systems in relevant form factors are elucidated, and architectures needed for cell level devices in the context of product development are reviewed. Specific research vectors that provide high value to advancing solid state batteries are outlined and discussed. Solid state battery systems are of great interest because of potential benefits in gravimetric and volumetric energy density, operable temperature range, and safety in comparison to traditional liquid electrolyte based systems. However, unresolved fundamental issues remain in the quest to fully understand the behavior of all-solid batteries, especially in the area of electrochemical interfaces.1 There are also a number of significant engineering challenges that require methodical effort to enable a tangible product. Some transitions from academic laboratories to entrepreneurial efforts attempting to overcome these challenges remain unsuccessful in efforts to bring a product to the market.2,3 Vital parameters that require robust understanding from a product development standpoint are material cost, cell lifetime and shelf life, cell energy density on a volumetric and gravimetric basis, operable capabilities for given temperature conditions, and safety. The advantage of energy density remains to be realized in solid state electrolytes (SSEs) since most studies to date utilize thick SSEs or cathodes with low active loading compared to liquid counterparts. 4,5 Furthermore, the desire to use SSEs in conjunction with Li metal anodes requires understanding and managing the morphology of Li metal plating, which can impact volumetric energy density. Operation at both higher and lower temperature compared to conventional technologies is a significant potential advantage of SSE systems. However, reports of solid state cells achieving parity with traditional systems at room temperature or any other temperature do not currently exist. The safety, specifically decreased flammability, of SSE systems is another potential advantage but requires ongoing validation and study.6 Unlike current liquid electrolyte systems, 7 the manufacturability and material component costs of SSEs have not been well characterized, and thus the value of these features will need to be weighed accordingly with any added cost. Operating lifetime of SSEs capturing intrinsic materials parameters such as voltage stability, 8 as well as catastrophic failure modes such as shorting, 9 have been briefly investigated, but in the absence of high energy density electrode formulations and appli...

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Section: Solid Electrolyte Interfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Practical Challenges Hindering the Development of Solid State Li Ion Batteries

Kerman

Luntz

Viswanathan

et al. 2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

586

471

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although performance has been greatly improved, major degradation mechanisms such as Li‐dendrite growth and Li‐powdering in the Li anode remain . These sharp Li dendrites not only pierced through the separator and caused safety hazard, but also facilitated the side reactions with organic electrolytes, resulting in the formation of dead Li and thus caused severe capacity decay and poor Coulombic efficiency …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Efforts to protect the Li‐metal anodes have been focused on adding electrolyte additives, forming artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), using solid electrolytes and constructing conductive 3D materials that acted as Li hosts . These methods significantly improved the safety and cycling performance of LMBs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructing Ionic Gradient and Lithiophilic Interphase for High‐Rate Li‐Metal Anode

Lai

Zhao

Cai

et al. 2019

Small

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Li metal is the optimal choice as an anode due to its high theoretical capacity, but it suffers from severe dendrite growth, especially at high current rates. Here, an ionic gradient and lithiophilic inter‐phase film is developed, which promises to produce a durable and high‐rate Li‐metal anode. The film, containing an ionic‐conductive Li0.33La0.56TiO3 nanofiber (NF) layer on the top and a thin lithiophilic Al2O3 NF layer on the bottom, is fabricated with a sol–gel electrospinning method followed by sintering. During cycling, the top layer forms a spatially homogenous ionic field distribution over the anode, while the bottom layer reduces the driving force of Li‐dendrite formation by decreasing the nucleation barrier, enabling dendrite‐free plating‐stripping behavior over 1000 h at a high current density of 5 mA cm−2. Remarkably, full cells of Li//LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 exhibit a high capacity of 133.3 mA h g−1 at 5 C over 150 cycles, contributing a step forward for high‐rate Li‐metal anodes.

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“…[ 6 ] It has a low equilibrium potential for electrochemical reactions (−3.04 V versus standard hydrogen electrode; SHE) as well as a high gravimetric capacity (3860 mAh g −1 ), which, taken together, offer several times higher energy density in comparison to those of conventional carbonaceous anode materials (i.e., graphite). [ 7,8 ] Moreover, the successful utilization of Li metal anode can accelerate the development of advanced batteries, e.g., Li–sulfur and Li–oxygen batteries. [ 9,10 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionality of Dual‐Phase Lithium Storage in a Porous Carbon Host for Lithium‐Metal Anode

Kim

Lee

Yun

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Lithium (Li) metal is regarded as the most attractive anode material for high-energy Li batteries, but it faces unavoidable challenges-uncontrollable dendritic growth of Li and severe volume changes during Li plating and stripping. Herein, a porous carbon framework (PCF) derived from a metal-organic framework (MOF) is proposed as a dual-phase Li storage material that enables efficient and reversible Li storage via lithiation and metallization processes. Li is electrochemically stored in the PCF upon charging to 0 V versus Li/Li + (lithiation), making the PCF surface more lithiophilic, and then the formation of metallic Li phase can be induced spontaneously in the internal nanopores during further charging below 0 V versus Li/Li + (metallization). Based on thermodynamic calculations and experimental studies, it is shown that atomically dispersed zinc plays an important role in facilitating Li plating and that the reversibility of Li storage is significantly improved by controlled nanostructural engineering of 3D porous nanoarchitectures to promote the uniform formation of Li. Moreover, the MOF-derived PCF does not suffer from macroscopic volume changes during cycling. This work demonstrates that the nanostructural engineering of porous carbon structures combined with lithiophilic element coordination would be an effective approach for realizing high-capacity, reversible Li-metal anodes.

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High performance lithium metal anode: Progress and prospects

Cited by 164 publications

References 111 publications

Review—Practical Challenges Hindering the Development of Solid State Li Ion Batteries

Review—Practical Challenges Hindering the Development of Solid State Li Ion Batteries

Constructing Ionic Gradient and Lithiophilic Interphase for High‐Rate Li‐Metal Anode

Functionality of Dual‐Phase Lithium Storage in a Porous Carbon Host for Lithium‐Metal Anode

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