High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detector and Electrospray Ionization Ion Trap Time-of-Flight Tandem Mass Spectrometry to Evaluate Ginseng Roots and Rhizomes from Different Regions

Abstract

Ginseng, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, is an industrial crop in China and Korea. The functional components in ginseng roots and rhizomes are characteristic ginsenosides. This work developed a new high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization ion trap time-of-flight multistage mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-IT-TOF-MS n ) method to identify the triterpenoids. Sixty compounds (1-60) including 58 triterpenoids were identified from the ginseng cultivated in China. Substances 1, 2, 7, 15-20, 35, 39, 45-47, 49, 55-57, 59, and 60 were identified for the first time. To evaluate the quality of ginseng cultivated in Northeast China, this paper developed a practical liquid chromatography-diode array detection (LC-DAD) method to simultaneously quantify 14 interesting ginsenosides in ginseng collected from 66 different producing areas for the first time. The results showed the quality of ginseng roots and rhizomes from different sources was different due to growing environment, cultivation technology, and so on. The developed LC-ESI-IT-TOF-MS n method can be used to identify many more ginsenosides and the LC-DAD method can be used not only to assess the quality of ginseng, but also to optimize the cultivation conditions for the production of ginsenosides.

Changbai Mountain Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mey) Extract Supplementation Improves Exercise Performance and Energy Utilization and Decreases Fatigue-Associated Parameters in Mice

“…As shown in Figure 2 a, the MS1 parent ions were identified as 955 m / z [M − H] − , the MS2 secondary ions were 793 m / z [M − H − glc] − , the MS3 ions were 613 m / z [M − H − 2glc − H 2 O] − , and the MS4 ions were 455 m / z [M − H − 2glc − glcA] − , which were oleanolic acid aglycone. Above all, the major compound in CMG was ginsenoside Ro, which is consistent with a previous study [ 19 ]. The structure of that compound is shown in Figure 2 b.…”

Nontargeted Metabolomic Analysis of Four Different Parts of Platycodon grandiflorum Grown in Northeast China

“…In that paper, a total of 20 metabolites were characterized from the roots, and 56 compounds from stems and leaves of PG grown in Korea. Herbs collected from different regions will show certain differences both in chemical constituents and in pharmacological activities [ 17 ]. For example, saponins in the root of PG from different sites in Gyeongnam Province, Korea showed different contents [ 18 ].…”

Rapid characterization of chemical constituents of Platycodon grandiflorum and its adulterant Adenophora stricta by UPLC‐QTOF‐MS/MS

“…Twenty metabolites were characterized from the root of PG, which is purchased from a Daegu Herbal Market in Daegu Gyeongbuk Province, Korea. As is well known, herbs collected from different production region will show certain differences both in chemical constituents and pharmacological activities . Hence, PG produced in Jilin Province, China was taken as samples in this paper.…”