High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of spironolactone and its major metabolite canrenone in urine using ultraviolet detection and column-switching

Development and validation of a dried blood spot—LC–APCI–MS assay for estimation of canrenone in paediatric samples

“…Many of the methods have several limitations such as lack of selectivity [10,11], low sensitivity [13,17] or large volume of biomatrix required (1 ml plasma) [18,25] and as such are not suitable for estimation of CAN in very low volume paediatric blood samples. We have previously reported a sensitive HPLC method for estimation of spironolactone and its metabolites, including CAN, in paediatric plasma [24] employing 200 l plasma samples however, the same method cannot be extrapolated to DBS samples as the volume of biomatrix to be processed is approximately 20 times lower than that utilised for plasma.…”

“…Several HPLC methods have been reported for estimation of CAN in various biomatrices such as serum, plasma and urine [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], however there are no published methods which have employed whole blood in liquid form or in the form of DBS. Many of the methods have several limitations such as lack of selectivity [10,11], low sensitivity [13,17] or large volume of biomatrix required (1 ml plasma) [18,25] and as such are not suitable for estimation of CAN in very low volume paediatric blood samples.…”

Simultaneous Identification and Quantification of Canrenone and 11‐α‐Hydroxy‐Canrenone by LC‐MS and HPLC‐UVD

“…However, a key step of proposing a reliable assay method for determining canrenone and 11- α -hydroxy-canrenone was necessary to evaluate productivity of 11- α -hydroxy-canrenone, consuming rate of canrenone, and biotransformating yield. However, few references were provided for simultaneously determining 11- α -hydroxy-canrenone and canrenone in biotransformation by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), but few related works dealing with the simultaneous quantitation of spironolactone and canrenone in human [ 15 – 18 ] and rat [ 19 ] plasma samples, in urine samples [ 20 , 21 ], or in tablets [ 22 ]. Similar structure between 11- α -hydroxy-canrenone and canrenone also increases the difficulties for accurate determination of the two substances by the other methods such as colorimetry or thin-layer chromatography (TLC).…”

Analysis of spironolactone residues in industrial wastewater and in drug formulations by cathodic stripping voltammetry

“…Numerous methods e.g. chromatographic [7] , [8] , spectrofluorimetric [9] , [10] , spectrophoto-metric methods using univariate and multivariate calibration [11] and partial least-squares, multivariate calibration [12] have been reported for the analysis of SP in drug formulations, its metabolite canrenone, pure form human serum and urine. Most of these methods have insufficient sensitivity and selectivity for the trace levels of the drug in human serum and urine [11] , [12] .…”