High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis with electrochemical detection for residues of explosives in water samples around a former ammunition plant

Lewin, U.; Efer, J.; Engewald, W.

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(95)01077-7

Cited by 45 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Due to their high solubility in water, aromatic amines can easily permeate through soil and contaminate ground water [5]. A wide range of aromatic amines has been found at trace levels in environmental matrices by several investigators such as drinking water [6], river water [7,8], and ammunition wastewater [9,10]. Because they are suspected to be carcinogenic and highly toxic to aquatic organisms [11 -13], several of them have been listed on the priority blacklist released by US Environmental Protection Agency since the 1970s.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of four aromatic amines in water samples using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with HPLC

Wang¹,

Wei

et al. 2008

J of Separation Science

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A new method for the determination of four aromatic amines in water samples was developed by using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) technique combined with HPLC-variable wavelength detection (HPLC-VWD). In this extraction method, 0.50 mL methanol (as dispersive solvent) containing 25.0 microL tetrachloroethane (as extraction solvent) was rapidly injected by a syringe into 5.00 mL water sample. Accordingly, a cloudy solution was formed. After centrifugation for 2 min at 4000 rpm, the fine droplets of the tetrachloroethane containing the analytes were sedimented in the bottom of the conical test tube (7+/-0.2 microL). Then, 5.0 microL of the settled phase was determined by HPLC-VWD. Parameters such as the kind and volume of extraction solvent and dispersive solvent, extraction time, and salt concentration were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factors ranged from 41.3 to 94.5. Linearity was observed in the range of 5-5000 ng/mL. The LODs based on S/N of 3 ranged from 0.8 to 1.8 ng/mL. The RSDs (for 400 ng/mL of p-toluidine and o-chloroaniline, 100 ng/mL of p-chloroaniline and p-bromoaniline) varied from 4.1 to 5.3% (n=6). The water samples collected from rivers and lakes were successfully analyzed by the proposed method and the relative recoveries were in the range of 85.4-111.7% and 90.2-101.3%, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of four aromatic amines in water samples using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with HPLC

Wang¹,

Wei

et al. 2008

J of Separation Science

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“…In addition, the amperometric detection mode with a working electrode potential set at 11.0 V is another means for selectivity because only compounds that can be oxidized at this potential would be recorded. In this respect, aromatic amines, namely 2-A-6-NT, 2-A-4,6-DNTand 4-A-2,6-DNT, which are serious candidates for oxidative detection [20], were studied at a concentration of 1000 ng/mL. CV experiments performed in the separation buffer indicated that oxidation potentials of at least 300 mV more positive than the selected detection potential of 11.0 V would be required to record amperometric responses.…”

Section: Performance Characteristics and Practical Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of hydrazine, monomethylhydrazine, 1,1‐dimethylhydrazine, and 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection

et al. 2005

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The present study is concerned with the application of nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) with electrochemical detection (ED) to the separation and quantitative determination of hydrazine (Hy) and its methyl derivatives. The best performance of NACE-ED was found when using 4 mM sodium acetate/10 mM acetic acid/methanol: acetonitrile = 1:2 as the running buffer, with a bare platinum working electrode set at +1.0 V in an end-column amperometric detection cell. The choice and ratio of suitable solvents for the separation and injection media played an essential role for the performance characteristics of the method. The limits of detection for Hy, methylhydrazine, symmetrical dimethylhydrazine, and unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine were 5, 2, 12, and 1 ng/mL, respectively. This is between one and two orders of magnitude lower than that achieved by previously reported CE-ED methods in aqueous buffer systems in conjunction with various types of chemically modified electrodes. The practical utility of the new NACE-ED methodology is demonstrated in terms of the determination of traces of Hys in spiked environmental samples containing a wide range of explosives and related compounds.

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“…A glassy carbon electrode was used as working electrode and an Ag/AgC1 electrode as reference electrode. Electrochemical detection was effected in positive mode at a working potential of + 0.7 V for diaminoaromatics and + 1.2 V for nitrophenols and hexyl [14]. Two HP 3395 integrators were used for data acquisition.…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These methods, however, do not usually include the polar TNT-metabolites such as nitrobenzoic acids and diaminoaromatics and such nitrophenols as 3,5-dinitrophenol, picric acid and the marine explosive hexyl (2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexanitrodiphenylamine). Recent investigations by HPLC, GC, and NMR showed that a number of these pollutants are present in ground water in the surroundings of the former ammunition plant at Elsnig [13][14][15][16]. These compounds can be very toxic and may be mobile in aquatic systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of highly polar compounds in water samples around former ammunition plants

et al. 1997

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SummaryA method was developed for the determination of nitrobenzoic acids and nitrophenols as well as of diaminoaromatics and was applied to the analysis of water samples from the former ammunition plant at Elsnig (Saxony, Germany).The procedure is based on a preseparation into a neutral, an acidic and a basic fraction by multi-step extraction at different pH values followed by HPLC analysis with UV and electrochemical detectors, coupled in series.Applying optimized enrichment conditions, all investigated compounds were extracted from spiked distilled water with recoveries > 80 % and variation coefficients < 7 %. Similar results were obtained with spiked ground water samples. After enrichment, all compounds can be analysed by HPLC with UV detection at concentrations below 100 ng L -1. The electrochemical detector (ELCD) allowed a selective and sensitive detection of the nitrophenols and especially of the diaminoaromatics and, therefore, provides some advantages in the analysis of real samples.

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High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis with electrochemical detection for residues of explosives in water samples around a former ammunition plant

Cited by 45 publications

References 8 publications

Determination of four aromatic amines in water samples using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with HPLC

Determination of four aromatic amines in water samples using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with HPLC

Determination of hydrazine, monomethylhydrazine, 1,1‐dimethylhydrazine, and 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection

Determination of highly polar compounds in water samples around former ammunition plants

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