High–Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Chlorhexidine in Saliva after Mouthrinsing

Tsuchiya, Hironori; Miyazaki, Takashi; Ohmoto, Sachiko

doi:10.1159/000016510

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Chlorhexidine is the most effective antiplaque agent which is widely in use because it has broad antibacterial effects and retentive properties in the oral cavity [25,26]. Chlorhexidine is known to act on bacterial membranes [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Green Tea Catechins on Membrane Fluidity

Tsuchiya¹

1999

Pharmacology

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Catechins originating from green tea have been used in plaque inhibition for caries prevention and treatment for liver damage because of their antibacterial activity against cariogenic bacteria and protective activity on hepatic cells. The effects of catechins on membrane fluidity were studied by a fluorescence polarization method using liposomes prepared with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine to assess their pharmacological mechanism at μmol/l levels found in human body fluids after clinical application. All eight catechins tested, ranging from 1 to 1,000 μmol/l, significantly reduced membrane fluidity in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions of lipid bilayers. Catechin gallate esters were superior in fluidity reduction to the corresponding nonesters. The fluidity-reducing degree was different between the cis and trans forms, suggesting the stereospecific activity of catechins. A reference antiplaque agent, chlorhexidine, similarly reduced membrane fluidity at the antibacterial concentration. (+)-Catechin (250 μmol/l) and (–)-epigallocatechin gallate (2.5 μmol/l) significantly prevented the membrane fluidization induced by hepatotoxic chloroform. These results indicate that the reduction in membrane fluidity is responsible for the antiplaque and hepatoprotective effects of green tea catechins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Green Tea Catechins on Membrane Fluidity

Tsuchiya¹

1999

Pharmacology

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“…Tal incremento se puede atribuir a su elevada sustantividad y a la presencia del xilitol en su formulación (Milgrom et al). Referido a clorhexidina, numerosos estudios (Eley;Bascone & Morante, 2006;Tsuchiya et al, 1999;Musteata & Pawliszyn, 2005) demuestran su permanencia en la cavidad oral después de 12 h de realizar buches durante 60 s con soluciones 0,12 %. La molécula de clorhexidina es fuertemente catiónica con afinidad por las superficies cargadas negativamente, entre ellas células epiteliales, esmalte y proteínas salivales, a partir de las cuales va liberándose lentamente (Shrestha et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discusionunclassified

Acción Inmediata de los Enjuagues Orales en la Saliva

Vargas

Koss

López

2017

Int. J. Odontostomat.

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VARGAS, C. F.; KOSS, M. A. & LÓPEZ, M. E.Acción inmediata de los enjuagues orales en la saliva. Int. J. Odontostomat., 11(3):339-346, 2017. RESUMEN:Numerosos estudios confirman la efectividad de los enjuagatorios orales sobre la viabilidad de los microorganismos que producen gingivitis y halitosis, pero poco se conoce sobre la influencia de los mismos en el medio ambiente oral. El objetivo del siguiente trabajo fue analizar In vivo e In vitro el efecto de enjuagatorios orales sobre la saliva total no estimulada. Se trabajó con saliva de individuos sanos. Para el estudio in vivo se recogieron las muestras antes y después del enjuague oral a diferentes tiempos (1, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 y 60 minutos). Para el ensayo in vitro, se incubó la saliva con igual volumen de la solución enjuagatoria a 37 ºC con agitación a diferentes tiempos (1, 5, 10 y 15 minutos). Se determinó pH inmediatamente recogidas las muestras. Posteriormente fueron centrifugadas y determinados flujo salival y proteínas totales. La separación de proteínas por electroforesis en SDS-PAGE se realizó solo en el ensayo in vivo. Los resultados mostraron que los enjuagatorios fluorurados poco alteran la fisiología oral a través de flujo salival, pH y proteínas totales. La combinación fluoruro de sodio/xilitol produjo mayor estimulación del flujo salival. La mezcla de aceites esenciales provocó un incremento del flujo salival y de pH, redujo el contenido de proteínas totales, evidenciando por SDS-PAGE que las comprometidas fueron particularmente las de mediano y bajo peso molecular. Clorhexidina debido a su elevada sustantividad, incrementó significativamente flujo salival y pH in vivo. In vitro, fuera del medioambiente oral, los enjuagatorios estudiados ejercieron un efecto similar sobre proteínas totales. Los enjuagatorios de uso frecuente alteraron parámetros salivales, por lo que podría estudiarse la acción que ejercen sobre otros componentes de la saliva con actividad biológica importante en cavidad oral.

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“…It is readily absorbed through the skin and it may act as a sensitizer [10]. However, as pCA is the principal product of degradation of CHD and toxic with actual recommend maximum limit of genotoxic impurity [11], it is important to quantify pCA in CHD solution.CHD and pCAwasdetermined using several methodologies such as high performance liquid chromatography [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27],gas chromatography-mass (GC-MS) [28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Working standards of CHD and pCA, finished productsand excipientswere supplied from Yamani Medical Products. Methanol and Acetic acid were HPLCgrade(Scharlau Spain).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and validation of a simple, fast, isocratic stability indicating RP-HPLC-UV method for the determination of chlorhexidine and its impurity para-chloroaniline in bulk and finished product

Mohammed¹,

Aziz²

2017

IOSRPHR

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Abstract:-A simple, isocraticRP HPLC-UV method was developed for the simultaneous determination of chlorhexidine (CHD) and p-Chloroaniline (pCA) inchlorhexidine mouth rinses. An excellent separation obtainedbyC18 column (200mm × 4.6 mm, 3μm). Mobile phasewas acetate buffer:methanol in a 45:55 ratio,flowrate was 1.0 ml/min. Both ingredient and an impuritywere detected at 254 nm,injection volume was 20µl and the analysis temperature was room temperature.Resolution4.7,retention times was3.1min and 5.7 min for pCAand CHD respectively. The proposed method was testedforsystem suitability, linearity, range, precision, accuracy, specificity, robustness, detection and quantification limits. The linearity range was40-160µg/ml forCHD and0.3-1.2 µg/ml forpCA.The correlation coefficient of the regression line was 1.000 for both components. Method robustness was tested under nine different conditions using sampleswith a known content. For CHD, the mean of the nine assays was 99.95% andthe RSD was 0.16%. ForpCA, the mean of the nine assays was 99.98% and the RSD was 0.24%. The results show that this is a simple method that can be applied to the analysis of Chlorhexidineproductswith satisfactory degrees of accuracy and precision. Due to the selected optimized conditions, this method can be used with the minimum requirements of an isocratic HPLC system.

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High–Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Chlorhexidine in Saliva after Mouthrinsing

Cited by 21 publications

References 17 publications

Effects of Green Tea Catechins on Membrane Fluidity

Effects of Green Tea Catechins on Membrane Fluidity

Acción Inmediata de los Enjuagues Orales en la Saliva

Development and validation of a simple, fast, isocratic stability indicating RP-HPLC-UV method for the determination of chlorhexidine and its impurity para-chloroaniline in bulk and finished product

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