High-Performance Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells by Electrolyte Design

Mindemark, Jonas; Tang, Shi; Wang, Jia; Kaihovirta, Nikolai; Brandell, Daniel; Edman, Ludvig

doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b04847

Cited by 50 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…Taking everything into account, LECs with PCL could not reach performances of state of the art LECs with several hundred hours in lifetime or above 10 cd A −1 or lm W −1 in current and luminous efficacy respectively24 but most importantly showed very fast turn-on times and a homogenous light distribution. In addition, the broad ESW of PCL enables options of combining PCL with even higher bandgap emitter materials.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Biodegradable Polycaprolactone as Ion Solvating Polymer for Solution-Processed Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells

Jürgensen

Zimmermann

Morfa

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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In this work, we demonstrate the use of the biodegradable polymer polycaprolactone (PCL) as the ion solvating polymer in solution-processed light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEC). We show that the inclusion of PCL in the active layer yields higher ionic conductivities and thus contributes to a rapid formation of the dynamic p-i-n junction and reduction of operating voltages. PCL shows no phase separation with the emitter polymer and reduces film roughness. The devices show light-emission at voltages as low as 3.2 V and lifetimes on the order of 30 h operating above 150 cd m−2 with turn-on times <20 s and current and luminous efficacies of 3.2 Cd A−1 and 1.5 lm W−1 respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Poly(ethylene) oxide is the most commonly used ion solvating polymer20. New approaches use oligoethers like the star branched trimethylolpropane ethoxylate derivatives for high performance LECs24. Many investigations of SPEs based on biopolymers have been reported, e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable Polycaprolactone as Ion Solvating Polymer for Solution-Processed Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells

Jürgensen

Zimmermann

Morfa

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…But one major hurdle still exists in the operational lifetime of these devices. State‐of‐the‐art LECs exhibit operational lifetime of about 1400–2000 h at display brightness (>100 cd m −2 ) during continuous operation . At brightness for lighting applications (a few thousand cd m −2 ), the lifetime is only about 100 h .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Testing Polymer Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells: Suppression of Voltage Drift and Black Spot Formation

Gao

2018

Adv Materials Technologies

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The stress characteristics of the polymer light‐emitting electrochemical cells (PLECs) are comprehensively evaluated by varying a host of material and operational parameters. PLECs with the lowest salt concentration of less than 2.5% exhibit runaway voltage drift that leads to rapid cell destruction. PLECs with the lowest electrolyte polymer concentration and a 5% salt content exhibit the longest luminance half‐life, but are slow to activate and are plagued by black spots. At moderate‐to‐high electrolyte concentrations, the PLECs are relatively stable but are not immune to black spots and voltage drift. A lifetime figure‐of‐merit is introduced to quantitatively account for all three indicators of cell degradation in luminance decay, voltage drift, and black spot formation. A surprising discovery is that voltage drift and black spot formation can be effectively suppressed by drastically increasing the electrolyte content. A cell with a 70% electrolyte content exhibits the best lifetime of nearly 350 h when operated at a constant current density of 167 mA cm−2. The black spots can also be effectively eliminated by employing silver instead of aluminum as the cathode material.

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“…This is on the same order of magnitude as literature values for polymer LECs. [45,52,71] Also the turn-on characteristics show a typical LEC behavior. [72] The current rises strongly in the beginning reaching a maximum which corresponds to the time needed to build the light-emitting p-n-junction.…”

Section: Wwwadvmattechnoldementioning

confidence: 96%

Ultrathin Fully Printed Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells with Arbitrary Designs on Biocompatible Substrates

Zimmermann

Schlisske

Held

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Technologies

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Organic electronic devices are often highlighted in terms of cost‐efficient solution processing and potential printability. However, few studies are reporting truly full‐solution‐processed devices taking into account the electrodes as well as all other layers. This results in a production method that only partially benefits from the cost efficiency of solution processing and that still depends on costly and elaborate techniques like evaporation and/or lithography. This lack of knowledge is addressed by presenting a truly fully printed light‐emitting electrochemical cell on ultraflexible parylene C substrates usable for conformable electronics. All device parts are fabricated by industrial relevant printing‐techniques under ambient atmosphere. Inkjet printing is used for the structuring of the device layout and is therefore able to implement and create arbitrary designs. Further layers are produced by blade coating which is well suited for the coating of large areas. The devices show stable operation at a luminance higher than 100 cd m−2 for 8.8 h, can reach a maximum brightness of 918 cd m−2, and exhibit a turn‐on time of 40 s to reach 100 cd m−2. Moreover, biocompatible and biodegradable materials are utilized to allow potential applications in life science and bioelectronics.

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High-Performance Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells by Electrolyte Design

Cited by 50 publications

References 43 publications

Biodegradable Polycaprolactone as Ion Solvating Polymer for Solution-Processed Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells

Biodegradable Polycaprolactone as Ion Solvating Polymer for Solution-Processed Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells

Stress Testing Polymer Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells: Suppression of Voltage Drift and Black Spot Formation

Ultrathin Fully Printed Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells with Arbitrary Designs on Biocompatible Substrates

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