High performance LiCoO2 positive electrode material

Yazami, Rachid; Lebrun, Nathalie; Bonneau, Martin; Molteni, M.

doi:10.1016/0378-7753(94)02108-f

Cited by 65 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Layered oxides of the type AMO 2 (A = Li, Na; M = Co, Mn, or Ni) [14,15] are sought after for their high intercalation potentials and energy densities. They are known for their commercial domination in Li-ion batteries.…”

Section: Layered Transition Metal Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries: Considerations on Crystal Structures and Sodium Storage Mechanisms

Wang

Shanmukaraj

et al. 2018

Electrochem. Energ. Rev.

245

122

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Sodium-ion batteries have been emerging as attractive technologies for large-scale electrical energy storage and conversion, owing to the natural abundance and low cost of sodium resources. However, the development of sodium-ion batteries faces tremendous challenges, which is mainly due to the difficulty to identify appropriate cathode materials and anode materials. In this review, the research progresses on cathode and anode materials for sodium-ion batteries are comprehensively reviewed. We focus on the structural considerations for cathode materials and sodium storage mechanisms for anode materials. With the worldwide effort, high-performance sodium-ion batteries will be fully developed for practical applications.

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Section: Layered Transition Metal Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries: Considerations on Crystal Structures and Sodium Storage Mechanisms

Wang

Shanmukaraj

et al. 2018

Electrochem. Energ. Rev.

245

122

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“…1,4 Nevertheless, LiFePO 4 is now recognized as one of the most promising cathode materials due to the availability of a variety of synthetic routes for the production of nanoparticles coated by conducting phases ͑e.g., carbon͒. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The use of nanoparticles as the active mass helps to overcome kinetic problems due to the short diffusion length for ionic transport and a relatively high surface area, which promotes fast interfacial charge transfer. [7][8][9][10][11] Further coating by a conducting phase solves the problems of the poor electronic conductivity of nanoparticles because the small particle size allows efficient electron tunneling into the active mass once the composite structure includes conductive networks.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The use of nanoparticles as the active mass helps to overcome kinetic problems due to the short diffusion length for ionic transport and a relatively high surface area, which promotes fast interfacial charge transfer. [7][8][9][10][11] Further coating by a conducting phase solves the problems of the poor electronic conductivity of nanoparticles because the small particle size allows efficient electron tunneling into the active mass once the composite structure includes conductive networks. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] However, the use of nanoparticles means enhanced surface reactivity and detrimental and irreversible side reactions.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[7][8][9][10][11] Further coating by a conducting phase solves the problems of the poor electronic conductivity of nanoparticles because the small particle size allows efficient electron tunneling into the active mass once the composite structure includes conductive networks. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] However, the use of nanoparticles means enhanced surface reactivity and detrimental and irreversible side reactions. It appears that for LiFePO 4 the use of nanomaterials, which demonstrate impressive rate capability, is fully justified, maybe because the surface reactivity of LiFePO 4 is sufficiently low to allow the use of active mass with a relatively high specific surface area.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…5,6,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] However, opinions about the suitability of this compound as a practical cathode material are still controversial. A leading approach toward improving the performance of olivine cathode materials is the preparation of carbon-coated nanoparticles of the active mass, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] including work on LiMnPO 4 . [18][19][20] In pioneering studies by Padhi et al 1 it was impossible to extract any lithium from LiMnPO 4 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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LiMnPO[sub 4] as an Advanced Cathode Material for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

Martha

Markovsky

Grinblat

et al. 2009

J. Electrochem. Soc.

297

239

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LiMnPO 4 nanoparticles synthesized by the polyol method were examined as a cathode material for advanced Li-ion batteries. The structure, surface morphology, and performance were characterized by X-ray diffraction, high resolution scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman, Fourier transform IR, and photoelectron spectroscopies, and standard electrochemical techniques. A stable reversible capacity up to 145 mAh g −1 could be measured at discharge potentials Ͼ4 V vs Li/Li + , with a reasonable capacity retention during prolonged charge/discharge cycling. The rate capability of the LiMnPO 4 electrodes studied herein was higher than that of LiNi 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 and LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 ͑NCA͒ in similar experiments and measurements. The active mass studied herein seems to be the least surface reactive in alkyl carbonate/LiPF 6 solutions. We attribute the low surface activity of this material, compared to the lithiated transition-metal oxides that are examined and used as cathode materials for Li-ion batteries, to the relatively low basicity and nucleophilicity of the oxygen atoms in the olivine compounds. The thermal stability of the LiMnPO 4 material in solutions ͑measured by differential scanning calorimetry͒ is much higher compared to that of transition-metal oxide cathodes. This is demonstrated herein by a comparison with NCA electrodes. 2 Among them, LiMnPO 4 is of particular interest as it offers the advantages of a flat discharge voltage profile at 4.1 V vs Li/Li + , the expected safety features, and an abundance of the relevant elements in the earth's crust.1-6 Hence, LiMnPO 4 can be an ideal substitute for the commonly used cathode material, LiCoO 2 , which is expensive, toxic, and demonstrates problematic safety features. The three-dimensional framework of the olivine structure is stabilized by the strong covalent bonds between the oxygen and the P 5+ ions, resulting in PO 4 3− tetrahedral polyanions. As a result, lithium metal phosphate materials do not undergo a structural rearrangement during lithiation and delithiation. This indicates that LiMPO 4 electrodes may demonstrate better stability and capacity retention during prolonged cycling as compared to lithiated transition-metal oxide cathode materials such as LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , LiMnO 2 , and LiMn 2 O 4 . However, LiMPO 4 compounds and LiMnPO 4 , in particular, suffer from poor electronic and ionic ͑Li + ͒ conductivity, which means a limited rate capability ͑especially at low temperatures͒.

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